The Individual Experience in a World of Categories :: Sociology Sociological Essays

The Individual Experience in a World of CategoriesLakoff and Johnson argue for an embodied mind, saying that our categories atomic number 18 based on how we experience the world through our bodies. According to this theory, as a result of their different anatomies, men and women would experience the world differently and their categories would be inherently different. Also, it would be expected that all women would share the same categories. Our class and our discussions have demonstrated a diversity of opinions and methods of categorization that refute this part of Lakoff and Johnsons argument. I think that Lakoff and Johnson were separate in saying that the categories we form are part of our experience (Lakoff and Johnson 19).However, what they neglected to factor into their analysis of the way human beings categorize is the differences of each individual experience. Categories and their lowlyings are based on an individuals personal knowledge of the world, and that is why no ca tegory means exactly the same thing for more than one individual. I loss to examine the categories of race and sexuality in Moraga and Delany to demonstrate the significance of the individual experience and its direct connection to categories. Also, I want to suggest that race as other is more problematic than sexuality to ones personal identity. Delanys Aversion/Perversion/Diversion presents us with a series of troubling tales. They all originate in spite of appearance Delanys life, but his reason for choosing these particular tales is precisely because they are atypical (Delany 125). Even within ones own individual experience, there is an uniqueness to events. The category braw doesnt mean that the individuals who identify themselves as part of it will share an understanding of all that it has meant for one person to claim this label for himself/herself. Delany acknowledges that the identification with others that categories create is in a way false, even the similarities are finally, to the extent they are living ones, a play of differences (Delany 131). He emphasizes that much of the sexual experience remains outside of language. No everything will be shared, not everything can be. An individuals journey to claiming his/her own identity is entrenched in the personal journey, in occurrences both characteristic and uncharacteristic. However, maybe these uncharacteristic tales are not as uncharacteristic to his experience as Delany believes. It is fact that they are indeed a part of Delanys experience as a gay man, and he says himself that there is no universal gay experience.

The Color Purple - Character Analysis of Celie :: Alice Walker

In the color purple, we can see how Celie develops an identity for herself throughout the novel. At scratch we can appreciate how Celie does non longer believe in herself and looses all trust she had on herself. When Nettie gets older, about 12 years old, their father Fonso tries to get to Nettie, just now Celie protects her and lets Fonso rape her instead of him raping Nettie. This at the beginning shows that Celie has enough strength to take decisions that will affect other people, how ever so, this strength starts to disappear as the story continues. Celie is at most 14 when Mr.____ marries her. She does no talk about making love only instead refers to sex as he gets on top of me and does his personal credit line. That shows how little Celie believes on herself as she thinks that Mr.____ could do sex without her. Then the story changes direction and the discrimination against Celie starts to be present. When Mr.____ beats her she does not try to fight back, but instead she r emains passive to what is happening. On the other hand, Celie continues to work as the perfecto maid of the children and keeps the house perfectly clean and tidy. This shows that indirectly she does not like be beaten (obviously) but she does not say anything because of the fear she feels for men, she instead reacts to it in a way which shows the big heart Celie has. When Shug comes to Mr.____s house Celie starts to feel something that she had neer felt. She start to feel emotions for Shug. As the relationship between Celie and Shug develops, Shug shows Celie that life, freedom and having an identity should be the best present for a black woman which is condemned and trapped for ever after on the cruel and racist society of those times. To begin with, Celie obtains freedom as she escapes from Mr.____ with Shug, then, she realises that life can be much better when you do not depend on any one else, and so Celie does no longer depend on any one but on herself.

Overview of the Monarchs of the Tudor Dynasty Essay examples -- the tu

In 817 Alfred the Great became Englands first ruler, he was the first of some(prenominal) to come. The many King and Queens of England are divided into different eras by families. One of the families was the Tudor family, which is a well-known English monarchy. The Tudors were a family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603 whom ranged from total heat VII to Elizabeth I these rulers were well known because of different attributes they gave England. I will be providing information about all half-dozen rulers that reigned England in this distinctive dynasty. apiece King or Queen will have information about them in a paragraph, following these paragraphs will be a conclusion summarizing the Tudor family. My work cited page will indicate the ending of my paper.Henry VII Henry VII was the first of the Tudor family, which makes him the founder of the Tudor dynasty. Henrys father was Edmund Tudor a Welshman and his mother was Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of Edward III. The fa ct that Henry even became King was astonishing because Edward III children were forwards his marriage and it took some time before the courts approved of his children to be in the royal lineage. Nevertheless he was of royal heritage and became King of England. What solidified his throne though were his marriage and his battle against Richard III. By 1485 the Wars of the Roses had been raging in England for many years between the Houses of York and Lancaster. The Lancastrian Henry later took for his bride Elizabeth of York thereby uniting the houses. The real matter was decided on the battlefield, at the Battle of Bosworth field. It was here that Henry and his forces met with Richard III and Henry won the crown. (tudorhistoryHenryVIIpg2)By the end of his reign Henry II ac... ... take her place once she dies. Queen Elizabeth I was the last of the Tudor Dynasty. Although some of the Kings and Queens from the Tudor dynasty did not rule for an extended period of time each of the six rulers were of great importance in order to write history.Works CitedGreaves, Richard L. The Tudors The World book Encyclopedia. A Scott Fetzer Company. Volume 19. Chicago IL World Book, Inc.2003.Print. Page 481Crofton, Ian. Kings and Queens of England. Quercus Publishing PLC. London.2008. Print. Pages 134,135,138,140,142,145Weir, Alison. The six wives of Henry VIII.Gove Press. New York.1991.Page 3http/tudorhistory.org/.February 2012.Henry VII King of England pages 2-3Henry VIII King of England page 2Lady Jane Grey Queen of social club Days page 2Mary I Queen of England pages 3-4Elizabeth I Queen of England page 2

Comparing The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One Essay -- comparison

Comparing The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One Two heads are go against than one, its always been said. But is another person always valuable, or can extra baggage keep an individual from achieving his goals? Both sides can be argued effectively, and both may be true depending on the circumstances. Two historical novels, The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One, show how two sets of characters took antithetic routes to achieve their goals and how they fared along the way. In The Grapes of Wrath, The Joads, a family of penniless migrant workers, travel to California to look for work, depending on the help of assorted strangers along the way, while The Power of One tells the story of Peekay, a young South African boy growing up alone in a hostile world bent on destroying his chances of success. The books portray rattling different views on life that are equally valid and convincing while The Grapes of Wrath is a tale that emphasizes the power that can be achieved in number and the consequences of trying to survive alone, The Power of One is a testimony to the things one person can achieve when he is forced to depend on and place in himself only. The Joads, after they are forced to vacate their farm in Oklahoma, decide to pack all of their belongings and make the voyage to California, where there is supposedly so much work that everyone can make a living. But along the way, they quickly run into trouble. They have little money, an unreliable vehicle, a truckload of muckle to feed, and miles to go before they reach their destination. The Joads quickly discover something that becomes a major theme throughout the book cooperating with others to achieve a common goal is sometimes necessary for surviva... ...ss birds banished, their rocky nests turned to river stones(513Ch. 24) Each of these novels, although powerful and influential in its own right, contrasts the other greatly in terms of theme. The Joads in The Grapes of Wrath h ad to swan on others to obtain their goal, while Peekay in The Power of One struggled to find his way in life completely alone. Though each book is very different from the other, each is an emotional story of lifes obstacles and the tremendous human spirit, whether combined or individual, that it takes to overcome them. Sources Courtenay, Bryce. The Power of One. New York Random House, 1989 Levant, Howard. The Fully Matured prowess The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 35-62. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Penguin Books, 1978.

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball Essays -- Expository Essa

The Use of Steroids in Major League BaseballHe walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions it is a in force(p) problem, but he doesnt have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated by means of the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the croak bit of steroids squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the steroids through his system. The next day, only two days later previously breaking the single season home run record, he broke his own record, again. Barry Bonds, the left fielder for the San Francisco Giants, shook his head and shrugged his shoulde rs, almost in disbelief at what he has accomplished that season, but he knew it wasnt just talent he had to ruin history, and he cheated to do it.The previous paragraphs are a possible scenario for two athletes that have obviously been fetching steroids Barry Bonds, joined by Jason Giambi. Barry Bonds personal trainer was personally connected with BALCO, the laboratory that created Tetrahydrogestrinone. Of course he is taking the steroids his trainer took part in making THG. But, if that is not enough convincing information, Barry Bonds broke Roger Maris home-run record by twelve home-runs. Roger Maris record held for 27 years and was inefficient to be broken by some of the best athletes in baseball, and possibly all sports. It is unnatural for a ju... ...004. 18 Mar. 2004. .Online Drug Test. Online-drug-test.com. 20 Mar. 2004. .Players Ask Questions Owners wait for Counteroffer. Espn.com. 20 Jun. 2002. 17 Mar. 2004. 1397288.html.Report Steroid Abuse Growing in Major League Base ball. Espn.com. 11 Oct. 2000. 19 Mar. 2004. 812487.html.Side effects of Using anabolic Steroids. Steroids.com. 2004. 19 Mar. 2004. .Steroids. Steroids.org. 18 Mar. 2004. .Steroidtips.com. 20 Mar. 2004. .What is Androstenedione? Total Fitness Nutrition. Tfnutrition.com. 21 Mar. 2004. .

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball Essays -- Expository Essa

The Use of Steroids in Major League BaseballHe walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he unbending his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think ab pop the consequences of his actions it is a serious problem, but he doesnt pay off the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the last bit of steroids squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the steroids through his system. The next day, only two days after previously breaking the champion season home run record, he broke his own record, again. Barry Bonds, the left fielder for the San Francisco Giants, shook his head and shrugged his shoul ders, almost in disbelief at what he has accomplished that season, but he knew it wasnt just talent he had to ruin history, and he cheated to do it.The previous paragraphs are a possible scenario for two athletes that dumbfound obviously been taking steroids Barry Bonds, joined by Jason Giambi. Barry Bonds personal trainer was personally connected with BALCO, the laboratory that created Tetrahydrogestrinone. Of course he is taking the steroids his trainer took part in making THG. But, if that is not enough convincing information, Barry Bonds broke Roger Maris home-run record by twelve home-runs. Roger Maris record held for 27 years and was unable to be broken by some of the best athletes in baseball, and possibly all sports. It is unnatural for a ju... ...004. 18 Mar. 2004. .Online Drug Test. Online-drug-test.com. 20 Mar. 2004. .Players Ask Questions Owners Wait for Counteroffer. Espn.com. 20 Jun. 2002. 17 Mar. 2004. 1397288.html. line Steroid Abuse Growing in Major League Basebal l. Espn.com. 11 Oct. 2000. 19 Mar. 2004. 812487.html.Side effects of Using Anabolic Steroids. Steroids.com. 2004. 19 Mar. 2004. .Steroids. Steroids.org. 18 Mar. 2004. .Steroidtips.com. 20 Mar. 2004. .What is Androstenedione? Total Fitness Nutrition. Tfnutrition.com. 21 Mar. 2004. .

Notebook: Love and Noah

The Notebook By Nicholas Sparks Major Characters * Allison Hamilton seventeen year old heiress, who shared an epic summer coquette to Noah. * Noah Calhoun local state of matter boy who fell in jockey to a city girl, Allison. * Anne Hamilton Allisons mother. * Lon Hammond Allisons fiance. Minor Characters * Martha Saw a war widow, Noahs girlfriend. * Frank Calhoun Noahs father. * John Hamilton Allisons father. * vertical stabiliser Noahs friend. * Nurse Esther a nurse working in the nursing home. Setting of the storyIn the movie, the stiffting took place in a modern day nursing home and in the story of the remote man, the setting took place in Seabrook Island, North Carolina in the summer months of year 1940. style of the story The movie begins with an elderly man begins to read a story to his fellow patient. His story starts with a light and amative moments of cardinal young lovers share- knocked place(p) two their epic summer romance. As the story goes, the coupl e face conflicts and the acknowledgments are developing various wound up themes.At the peak of the conflict, the antagonist finally ceded on letting go and decided to sacrifice the protagonist chose her path taste writer site. It is revealed that the fellow patient is her wife and is suffering from a disease essay writers world reviews. The movie ends with gloomy scene and at the same time able to show the meaning of unconditional love. Biography of the author Sparks wrote his first new(a) in 1985 which never got published and another one in 1989, also not published. Sparks experimented with various careers onerous to fit in but didnt succeed.After trying his luck in publishing, law school, real number estate and even waiting tables, he finally co wrote a novel named A Lakota Journey to satisfaction and Self-Understanding with Billy Mills Wokini. It sold about fifty thousand copies in the first year of macrocosm published. In 1992 he tried a line of merchandise in pharmace uticals and the next year moved to Greenville, SC. That was when he wrote his renowned novel The Notebook. This novel was to become a launch pad for Sparks. A literary agent Theresa Park discovered his novel from her agency and offered to represent him.In 1995 Sparks had one million dollars in cash for The Note oblige from the famous Time Warner Book Group. After existence published in 1996, The Notebook made the best seller list of The New York Times instantly. Following this successful novel were particular(a) writings one after the other out of which six were made into film adaptations. In 1999 Message in a Bottle, in 2002 A Walk to Remember, The Note Book in 2004, Nights in Rodanthe in 2008, then in 2010 Dear John and The Last Song . Nicholas Sparks has written 16 novels gutter 2010.His last novel till now The strong Haven was published on 14th September 2010. His books The Best of Me and also in the list The Safe Haven are made into films and released in 2011. Another one of his book The Lucky One is currently being filmed and will be released few time in 2012. Currently Nicholas Spark is living with his wife and five children in North Carolina. Being a religious man and firm truster in God, Sparks constantly contributes to various charities and schools. He also promotes writers by funding different scholarships, intern programs and fellowships.Sparks also started MFA that is a creative writing program at the university he studied in (University of Notre Dame). He donated more than ten million dollars for the building of a Christian International School. Summary At a present-day(a) nursing home, an elderly man, whom people call Duke begins to read aromantic love story from his notebook to an elderly woman, fellow patient. His story begins in 1940. InSeabrook Island. North Carolina, local country boy Noah Calhoun) is smitten with a seventeen-year-old heiress named Allie Hamilton after seeing her at a arnival, and they share an idyllic summer roman tic love affair. Noah takes Allie to an throw out house, which he explains he intends to buy for them. Later that evening, she asks him to make love to her, but they are interrupted by Noahs friend Fin with the parole that Allies parents have the police out looking for her. When Allie and Noah return to her parents mansion, they ban her from seeing Noah, whom they say is trash, trash, trash not for you The two break up, and the next morning, Allies mother announces that the family is reverting home to Charleston.Noah writes a letter each day to Allie for one year, but her mother, Anne, intercepts them all and keeps them hidden from Allie for an unknown reason. As each sweetheart/lover sees on that point is no contact from the other, Noah and Allie have no choice but to move on with their lives Noah and Fin enlist to fight inWorld Was II and Fin is killed in battle. Allie becomes a volunteer in a hospital for wounded soldiers, where she meets an officer named Lon Hammond, Jr. , a young lawyer who is handsome, sophisticated, and charming, and comes from old Southern money.The two eventually become engaged, to the delight of Allies parents, but Allie pictures Noahs face when Lon asks her to marry him. When Noah returns home from the war, he discovers his father has sold their home so that Noah can buy the abandoned house, fulfilling his life large dream to buy it for Allie, whom by now he has not seen for several years. While visiting Charleston, Noah witnesses Allie and Lon playing cards at a restaurant he convinces himself that if he fixes up the house, Allie will come back to him. Later, Allie is startled to read in the newspaper that Noah has completed the house, and she visits him in Seabrook.In the present, it is made clear that the elderly woman is in fact Allie, who is suffering fromDementia and cannot remember every of the events of the film so far. Duke, the man who is denotation to her is, in fact, her husband, Noah, but Allie cannot recognize hi m. His children on a visit to see them, tells him that he needs to accept that she cant remember anymore. Duke tells them that the more he reads to their mother, the more shell remember and he wont give up on her. Back in the 1940s, the day after Allie arrives in Seabrook, she and Noah renew their strong romantic relationship and make love.In the morning, Anne appears on Noahs doorstep, telling Allie that Lon has come to Seabrook to take her home. She takes her out for a drive and reveals that, twenty-five years earlier, she also loved a common man. Her parents disapproved of him and after banning her from seeing him again, she married her father whom they approved of being from a rich family. Anne leaves Allie with a bundle of garnerall of Noahs letter, revealing that she had intercepted them as an attempt to protect her from getting her heart broken and hopes that she will make the right choice.Allie and Noah have an argument with each other and she leaves. While driving upset wi th him, she reads the last letter that he wrote her and feels betrayed by Anne for what she did in keeping the letters away from her. Allie returns to the hotel and confesses to Lon that she has been spending time with Noah. He is angry, but says that he still deeply loves her. Allie tells him she knows she should be with him, but she re of imports indecisive. In the present, Duke asks Allie whom she chose. Becoming translucent, she remembers that the story Duke was reading is the story of how they first met.After reading all of the letters, young Allie appears at Noahs doorstep, having left Lon at the hotel and chosen him. Elderly Allie suddenly remembers her quondam(prenominal) after finding out about her illness, she herself wrote their story in the notebook with instructions for Noah to read this to me, and Ill come back to you. But minutes latterlyr Allie relapses, losing her memories of Noah again. She panics, not understanding who he is, and has to be sedated. The elderly Noah has a heart attack, and Allie is alone for a time.However, as soon as he is sufficiently recovered, Noah (Duke) goes to Allies room one evening to find her lucid again. Allie questions Noah about what will happen to them when she will not be able to remember anything anymore, and he reassures her that he will never ever leave her. She asks him if he thinks their strong and mutual romantic love for each other is strong enough to take them away together he replies that he thinks their strong romance could do anything. After telling each other they love one another, Noah adds Ill be seeing you.The next morning, a nurse comes into Allies room, only to find Allie and Noah stone-dead in each others arms. As the camera pans out, we see they died holding hands. Interpretation The Notebook, a novel of Nicholas Sparks, his first published novel, and was based on true story. According to him, he was inspired to write this novel by the grandparents of his wife who has been married for a long time, and he tried to express that long romantic love in his novel. In the story, the socio economic status played an important role in an individual, as in the case of Anne Hamilton, on barring Noah to Allie and describing him as a trash.Much of her attitude is revealed when she believed and told Allie, that Status is more important than feelings and our future is dictated by what we are as opposed to what we want. This serve as antithetical statements regarding important themes in the story. Understandably she is an antagonist. In this case she acted to keep Noah away from Allie but also succeeded for 14 years. Fate and destiny is also showed in the movie which also happens in the real world. The one scene in the movie effectively shows the image of long lost lovers reunited.Fate may lend a hand in Allie seeing the newspaper clipping, she chose to lie to Lon and seek out Noah. The movie also embraces the exploration of love, the author also provides complications of the messi ness that makes up real world love. The kind of love depicted in the movie clearly shows that it is more than a word, it covers the actions that accompany with words. Elements of the Novel Character Analysis Noah is the main character (protagonist) ofThe Notebook. In many regards, Noah is the ideal man he is faithful, idealistic, strong, good looking, a poet, and helpful to those in need.The Noah of the main narrative is almost too good to be true. He has a strong relationship with family and friends and is respectful to both nature and authority. He seemingly has no faults. Allie wants the best of both worlds as she represents the different types of love that exist. In essence she is the embodiment of a thematic topic. As Allie grows and matures, so does her understanding of love. Her growth symbolizes the development of real love. Lon s the stereotypical, self-obsessed individual who realizes too late that his self-absorption is going to cost him his fiancee.Lon is also the embod iment of the conflict inThe Notebook. As a character, he is the one readers know as the obstacle to Allies love. He is a dynamic character, but his change is a little too late. Anne is the antagonist. Although she works to keep Noah and Allie apart, she cannot be considered a villain, for she is not evil. Anne represents the difficulties that many parents have when trying to show their children to adulthood. Fourteen years later, she attempts to atone for earlier mistakes, first by preparing Allie for Lons impending visit, then by offering her support without being pushy.She also finally gives Noahs letters to Allie, and her final words may be encouraging Allie to follow her heart. Point of View Instead of starting at the beginning and telling the story in chronological order, Nicholas Sparks beginsThe Notebooknear the end of what would be a linear narration and then employs both the framing technique and flashback to tell his tale. The main plot line is the reunion of Noah and All ie and the conflict that they face as they must decide the path their lives will now take.This particular event only lasts three days in 1946 however, important information that shapes their reunion occurred weeks and years earlier. If you imagine a picture in a frame, the reunion is the photograph. And the opening and closing chapters of the novel are set in the present, some 49 years later. The present-day storyline frames the reunion story. Although the frame represents the present and current storyline and the picture represents the reunion, within these two main storylines are other stories, some are episodes and others are vignettes, which are told in the form of a flashback.These stories, told within the context of the other storylines, fit within both the picture and the frame. And some of these smaller stories of earlier events frame even smaller stories of other events. Each story is distinct within itself while simultaneously being an integral part of a greater whole ever y individual picture is a part of a bigger picture. This framework technique provides the structure of the plot, and flashback is the technique Sparks uses to tell the stories.Characters reveal these framed stories through their shared and private memories. Often the reader shares a flashback with a character that is not shared with any other character. The narrator also provides information. The narrator ofThe Notebookin the opening and closing chapters is Noah. But the narrator of the middle chapters provides a limited, third-person omniscient point of view. This placement sometimes allows the readers into the mind of a character typically Noah and Allie but sometimes does not such as Anne and Lon.This technique is important because it allows the storyline to flow seamlessly from past to present and back again. Stylistically, the narrative techniques work well becauseThe Notebookis not just a love story the novel also explores the nature of essential and free will and the wa y people interact with one another. The intricacies of relationships parallel the intricacies of poetry and the framing technique enables Sparks to weave the past together with the present, leading to the emotional climax and creating a compelling read along the way.

The Economic Impact of Tourism

fond and cultural impact of tourism As an industry, tourism is a dynamic, evolving, consumer-driven force. It is the worlds largest industry. It is the employer of 183 million people. This represents 10,2% of the global workforce. By employing whizz out of every the workers, travel and tourism is the worlds largest employer. As an industry, tourism is expected to grow much faster than other sectors. Growing so rapidly, tourism presents tremendous opportunities and challenges.Although a mature industry, tourism is a young profession. The good news is the variety of career prospects for todays hospitality and tourism graduates. Tourism is a leading producer of tax revenues. When a tourist spends money to travel, to stay in a hotel, or to eat in a restaurant, that money is recycled by these businesses to purchase more goods, thitherby generating further use of the money. In addition, employees of businesses who serve tourists spend a high proportion of their money locally on various goods and services.This chain reaction continues until theres a leakage, meaning that money is used to purchase something from outside their area. This phenomenon is usually called the multiplier effect. Social and cultural impact of tourism From a social and cultural perspective, tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on communities. Even a visit to another part of your own country can both socially and culturally stimulating. Undoubtedly, tourism has made significant contributions to international understanding, peace and prosperity.However, tourism results not only in sociocultural benefits but also in sociocultural problems. Imagine the feelings of an employee in a developing country who earns perhaps $5 per day when he sees wealthy tourists flaunting money. Another example is nude female tourists sunbathing in a Moslem country. On the other hand, tourism is a discase and green industry, that most of the hotels are built with concern for the environment and use loc al crafts people, designers, and materials.Tourism brings new revenue to the area, it also creates and maintains higher rate of employment than if there were no tourism. During the past few years, the so-called ecotourism has developed in the countries which try to minimize visitor impact on their natural and cultural environment. In functional terms, ecotourism tour operators prepare participants by educating them about local culture, animals, plants.

Quality Education in the Philippines

We love that Philippines country is rich in agriculture and economics. But dont you know that Philippines are one of the top that is great in terms of education. And I can prove that in simply observing the status of my country and surveys in the rank of schools. Literacy rate in the Philippines has emendd a lot over the last few years- from 72 portion in 1960 to 94 percent in 1990. This is attributed to the increase in both the number of schools built and the aim of enrollment in these schools.The number of schools grew rapidly in all deuce-ace levels elementary, alternate, and third. From the mid-1960s up to the proterozoic 1990, there was an increase of 58 percent in the elementary schools and 362 percent in the tertiary schools. For the same period, enrollment in all three levels to a fault rose by 120 percent. More than 90 percent of the elementary schools and 60 percent of the secondary schools are publicly owned. However, only 28 percent of the tertiary schools are p ublicly owned.A big percentage of tertiary-level students enroll in and finish commerce and business management courses. Table 1 shows the scattering of courses taken, based on School Year 1990-1991. Note that the difference betwixt the number of enrollees in the commerce and business courses and in the engineering and technology courses may be small 29. 2 percent for commerce and business and 20. 3 percent for engineering and technology. However, the breaking widens in terms of the number of graduates for the said courses. parenthesis from the numbers presented above, which are impressive, there is also a need to look closely and resolve the by-line important issues 1) fibre of education 2) affordability of education 3) presidency budget for education and 4) education mismatch. In Quality in that location was a decline in the quality of the Philippine education, especially at the elementary and secondary levels. For example, the results of standard tests conducted among el ementary and high school students, as well as in the National College of Entrance Examination for college students, were way below the target regard as score.In Affordability There is also a big disparity in educational achievements across social groups. For example, the socioeconomically disadvantaged students stir higher dropout rates, especially in the elementary level. And most of the freshmen students at the tertiary level come from relatively well-off families. In Budget The Philippine Constitution has mandated the government to portion out the highest proportion of its budget to education. However, the Philippines nonetheless has one of the lowest budget allocations to education among the ASEAN countries.In Mismatch There is a large proportion of mismatch between training and actual jobs. This is the major problem at the tertiary level and it is also the cause of the existence of a large group of educated pink-slipped or underemployed. Improved quality of education in the Philippine schools The Philippine education system is plagued with problems from the basic level until the tertiary level, and although previous and present administrations took go to reform the system, these reforms failed to improve the countrys education system.According to the latest Economic Policy Monitor, released in April 2012 of government think tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies, despite the reforms pursued by the Aquino administration to address these failures, hitherto to a greater extent reforms are needed to improve the quality of education in the Philippines. The same study found that even the reforms initiated by the government may even bring more problems to the education system. Foremost among the problems in the early childhood education is the inequality to access to kindergarten education.THE INTENSE ECONOMIC CRISIS that the Philippines are currently undergoing has certainly buried the sanguine and unreasonable hopes that the government ha d projected for the near future. The triumphalism of Philippines 2000 has been jolted to the core and reduced to a laughable joke for the history books. This crisis only confirms that the Philippines have yet to liberate itself from the age-old problems, which have plagued it in the economic and political spheres.The much-trumpeted new epoch of free competition and b methodicalnessless economies has not resulted in any real development but only in a more cold form of economic domination and exploitation of the poorer countries by the advanced capitalist countries. The seemingly neutral facade of Globalization has turned out to be more of the same old Imperialism that just cannot be wished away. Nevertheless, it would be too much of a simplification to arrive at the conclusion that the present global order has not resulted in any significant changes.It would certainly be correct to ay that for the educational system, as in Philippine society as a whole, that vigour of the essence h as changed. However, even if it is true that the essential traits and defining characteristics of Philippine education has remained the same all throughout this so-called period of Globalization, it is also equally inescapably true that certain changes have occurred and are still occurring that may not have actually touched the essence of things as they are but still have important implications for the understanding of the current situation and the various effective political responses that can lead to genuine social transformation.One of the main tasks is to endeavor to identify what these changes are without losing sight of the meaning of these phenomena in relation to an essentially unchanged exploitative global economic and political system which must be identified as imperialism. The changes in question can be identified by analyzing the so-called three major areas of concern in education which have been underlined in the Medium Term Education Development Plan (MTEDP).These are (1) increasing access to and improving of the quality of basic education (2) liberalizing the regulation of hush-hush schools, and (3) rationalizing the programs of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs). The question of increasing access to and improving the quality of education have been constant themes since even before the intricate and obfuscators jargon of globalization entered the scene. It cannot even be asserted that these ideas have changed in the sense that they previously had an altruistic meaning which has currently been lost in this period of technocratic appeals to efficiency rather than morality. Reyes, canful Christian A. BSIT-109I Improved quality of education in the Philippines schools This is the first major issue that the Philippine government should resolve but somehow it is recently improving.The quality of Philippine education has declined few years ago due to poor results from standard entrance tests conducted among elementary and secondary students, as well as the tertiary levels. The results were way below the target mean score. High dropout ates, high number of repeaters, low passing grades, lack of particular language skills, failure to adequately move and address the needs of people with special needs, overcrowded classrooms, and poor teacher performances, have greatly affected the quality of education in the Philippines. Philippine education is strongly viewed as a pillar of national development and a primary avenue for social and economic mobility. It has undergone several stages of development from the pre-spanish time to the present. It is handled by three government organizations, namely, the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports.The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the TESDA. The DECS govern both public and private education in all levels, with its mission to bid quality basic education that is equitably accessible to all by the foundation for lifelong learning and service for the common good. The government was mandated by the Philippine Constitution to allocate the highest proportion of its budget to education. However, among the ASEAN countries, the Philippines still has one of the lowest budget allocations to education.This is due to some mainstream political issues and humungous problems that the government is facing specially corruption. There are some measures that the Philippine government has looked into for the reformation of quality education. Technology use is starting to remove momentum in the overall education of this country. This helped improve the quality of education in the Philippines and to be globally competitive in this millennium. Improving the Quality of Education in our Country The Philippines has the highest number of college graduates among developing Asian countries, but that isnt a substitute for quality.The role of education in economic development is widely acknowledged education increases the innovative capacity of an prudence and facilitates the diffusion, adoption, and adaptation of new ideas. More specifically, education increases the amount of human capital available, thereby increasing productivity and ultimately output. Education is especially important in a rapidly evolving economic environment where a rapid rate of job destruction and creation might otherwise lead to a gap between the skills demanded in the labor market and the skills of job-seekers.So how can regional cooperation improve the quality and availability of education? The role of regional cooperation in a particular country and what means of cooperation are viable will largely depend on that countrys position on the development carry and the status of its education sector. The role of regional cooperation in a particular country and what means of cooperation are viable will largely depend on that countrys position on the development ladder and the status of its education sector.Since 1975 both GDP and education levels in China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam have been catching up. everyplace the same period GDP growth and improvements to education levels have been losing momentum in developed countries including the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. The Philippines exhibits a curious pattern in this respect, because even as the level of education attainment plateaued, its GDP has been falling behind. This is an apparent contradiction.Given the well-established beneficial effects of education on GDP and on GDP growth rates, the Philippines should have witnessed an era of high growth since 1975, when it had the highest rate of completion of tertiary education among developing Asian countries higher than Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, or Singapore. This suggests that the problem in the Philippines has been the quality of education, rather than its availability or accessibility. Regional cooperation in education is often identified with trade in education services.In the Asia Pacific, this most commonly takes the form of direct exchanges of people, whether they be students from less-developed countries going to study in more-developed ones, or, as in the case of Singapore and Malaysia, academics from more-developed countries further to relocate to universities in less-developed countries by partnerships between the two institutions. Trade in education services also takes place through transnational education, for example when international institutions are encouraged to establish campuses in developing countries.Yet these forms of cooperation are not the most appropriate for the Philippines for instance because poor local infrastructure makes it difficult to attract foreign institutions and academics. And, moreover, the principal effect of these forms of education cooperation is to make education more available, when the problem in the Philippines is the quality of education not its availability. Regulatory reform is needed to learn that the quality of education received at home is hig h enough to give domestic Filipino students access to education and work abroad.This reform appendage must start by establishing a credible accreditation system, because under the current system of voluntary self-regulation, less than 20 percent of higher education institutions in the Philippines are accredited. Forms of international cooperation other than through trade in education services would allow the Philippines to improve the quality of domestic education by following the example set by Malaysia, which has linked its own accreditation system to international ones.Malaysia has also been active in promoting the development of a regional quality presumption framework, the ASEAN Quality Assurance Network (AQAN). The AQAN was organized in 2008 in order to promote collaboration among quality assurance agencies in individual ASEAN countries. Though the Philippines has not yet fully acceded to the AQAN, negotiations are underway to formalize an agreement to adopt common standards in the education sector. The Philippines can also pursue bilateral usual recognition agreements. Such agreements should include quality assurance on the part of both countries.In this way, even if the standards are not at the same level as in higher-income countries, there will be pressure on some of the higher education institutions in the Philippines to improve their programs and facilities in order to gain accreditation. Such agreements, whether bilateral or as part of the AQAN, might make it easier for Filipino policy makers to argue for domestic reform on the basis that it is needful to meet international agreements. With a higher-quality higher education system, the Philippines would then be better placed to reap the well-documented economic benefits of an educated population.

Functions & Responsibilities of Hr & Admin Department of Rcl

Chapter 1 Introduction 1. Background of the report After completion of MBA course students bewilder to do internship in an validation for the fulfillment of the Degree. Internship political platform refunds an luck of learning the real working dynamics and app deceitfulnessd jazzledge of Business Administration. I get it on my M. B. A program from department of direction Studies, University of Chittagong. To complete the academic requirement I did my internship at HR department of kinglike slap-up Limited.My internship topic was functions & responsibilities of HR and Admin department of violet Capital Limited. This report is prepargond to focus on the functions and responsibilities of HR and Admin department of purplish Capital Limited. 1. 2Rationale of the report Internship program is the part of MBA program which gives a scope to MBA students to prep be a study report focusing solution to problematic issues of prudence of the scheme. It is an opportunity to gather p ractical knowledge and surmount the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge.It also gives opportunity to the future managers to deal with practical problems and give solution in real business life. I did my internship in violet Capital Limited which is a leading equity constituentage house in the country. My internship report is based on the practical sleep with by with(predicate) working at the HR department of the gild. 1. 3Objectives of the report The main objective of this report is to fulfill the academic requirement as rise as the obeying objectives To understand the Human choice Management practices. To save up up a clear picture of the sanctioned HR functions. To identify the clear picture of HR practices in RCL. To analyze the cognitive operation of the HR & Admin department of RCL. 1. 4Methodology and Data collection The report is prepargond on the basis of experience and data collection through direct supervision at the work place. The methodology followed for the purpose of the study has been desk research as well as field survey. The desk research method has been followed to go off the existing literature on the subject. Both primary and vicarious data were accumulate to prepare the report.The main sources of the primary data to prepare the company profile and its per carcassance had been collected from organizations web site and the concerned with HR managing director of Royal Capital Limited and secondary data collected from the web site and books for the purpose of preparing the literature part. 1. 5Scope of the report The report is prepared on the basis of direct supervision and collection and analysis of primary and secondary data. It provides information of a successful constituent house, its practice and prospect of HR and Admin department.It get out guide and give complete idea to a learner and thickenings al some broker house and its activities. This report also provides gridlines to a learner abtaboo pra ctice of HR and functions and responsibilities of HR and admin department. 1. 6Limitations of the report The study has been conducted subject to certain limitation. The reckon of success of my study may be limited as I might have failed to collect proper information due to lack of my experience, roughly data could non be supplied for their confidentiality and official concealment. The secondary sources of data were not available and well organized.In addition to the above, RCL is a private limited company, which does not does not provide with every the necessary information as required due to their sensitivity and competitiveness in regard to its competitors. In spite of these limitations, I have tried my best to pinpoint variant findings of this company. I, therefore, hope that the study pass on be evaluated subject to the recognition of the above limitation. 1. 7MY WORKING AREA As I complete MBA program major in HRM from department of Management Studies, University of Chitt agong my interest was to know the HR practice in real life in the organizations.I got the opportunity to work in the HR department of Royal Capital Limited under HOD-HR manager. My internship topic was functions & responsibilities of HR & Admin department of Royal Capital Limited. My organization supervisor helps me to closely work with the functions and responsibilities perform by them to successful continuation of a company in the competitive business environment. Chapter 2 Company Overview 2. 1Royal Capital limited Royal Capital Limited is a leading equity brokerage house in the country.It has diverse clientele of institutions, exalted net nurse individuals, foreign funds and retail investors which help to success in the trade. Royal Capital Limited was established in 1995 and over sequence become cardinal of the largest stock broking companies in the country. Side by side it has also dealership licences. Its a member of Dhaka and Chittagong Stock supersede. Its authorized capital is TK cl million paid-up capital is TK 65 million. There are 12 exponents and branchinges of Royal Capital Limited situated in Dhaka, Chittagong, Feni, Jessore, Bogra and Khulna.Its integrated head office is located in Chittagong. Its number of employees is 110. The number of Beneficiary Owner Account holders is 37,112. Its daily average turnover is US $ 1. 7 million. The market share of Royal Capital Limited is 1. 20%. Royal Capital Limited is a depository participant of Central Depository Bangladesh Limited. Mr. A. Q. I Chowdhury, OBE is the chairman of the company, a big business personality of the country. He has a good track record of running the manufacturing and dish out of crop oriented multinational company like James Finlay Plc for the furthest 20 years.He was awarded by Her Excellency Queen Elizabeth II the Order of British Empire (OBE) for his contribution to the society and ethical business. Under his leadership a un exemplard dedicated, skilled profes sional team has been develop to render the service as required by customers. 2. 1. 1Mission The mission of Royal Capital Limited is to develop the company into an ideal and antique pecuniary institution by providing excellent monetary service to its customers. 2. 1. 2Objectives of Royal Capital Limited Success of an investor depends on good correspondence of market, reliable information, sound fund attention and risk cooking.Royal Capital Limited is the right place to get all those services. It has already gained confidence of Investors of all set for its sincere efforts to assist client in every possible way. Objectives of Royal Capital Limited are as follows ? To help client understand investment funds choices. ? To provide timely placard and feat information that accurately reflects the investment positions of the client. ? To Build and justify clients trust. ? Provide clients with frank, timely feedback on how we are doing and how we bum rectify our service to clients . 2. 1. 3ManagementRoyal Capital Limited has a policymaking body which consists of 7 members of whom 2 are elected. The board comprises of one Chairman, one Managing Director, trey directors and 2 members. It has provision for 23,000 clients. The decision maker power of RCL is vested with the Department jitney. 2. 1. 4Sister concerns The followings are the concern business of Royal Capital Limited ? Royal Trade International ? Royal Cuisine ? Royal Garden. 2. 2Major businesses and increase divisions As a broker house Royal Capital Limited perform following activities ? Brokerage ActivitiesRoyal Capital limited provides craft effectuation activities for clients in Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Exchange under Securities & Exchange Commissions Law. ? Dealer Account The SEC Act defines a dealer as someone who is sedulous in the business of buying and selling securities for his own look that would require their registration as a dealer under SEC Act. Also Royal Capital limited has a dealer Account, Name ROYAL CAPITAL LTD. B. O ID 1201590000001005. ? Stock Broking Account The put to work of investing in the share market, any individually or through a broker is known as stock broking.Stock broker is also an individual who makes stock trades on behalf of his or her clients. ? brink Loan Margin loans are taken to finance the purchase of securities, usually the purchase of stock (also known as equity). Margin loans normally are widen by the same financial services firm (stock brokerage firm or securities firm) that the customer uses to trade in the security in question. The maximum value of a margin loan relative to the value of the underlying securities is set by the SEC. Each firm is free to implement more stringent impart policies than prescribed by the SEC. Margin Loan Activities & Agreement of RCL In this segment Royal provide two kinds of A/C Cash This type of vizor asks to client deposit cash and then client domiciliate use that cash to buy stocks, bo nds, common funds or separate investments. But sometimes client can take loan for buying securities, its providing for short time. Its also called unauthorized loan. Margin With a margin account the broker lends a portion of the funds at the time of purchase and the security acts as collateral. The loan in the account is collateralized by the securities and cash.If the value of the stock drops sufficiently, the account holder will be required to deposit more cash or sell a portion of the stock. ? Margin Call A broker demands an investor using margin to deposit additional money or securities so that the margin account brought up to the minimum maintenance margin. Margin calls occur when an account value depresses to a value calculated by the brokers extra formula. This is sometimes called a fed call or maintenance call. ? Margin facilities of Royal Capital LimitedA financial institution must have some written guidelines on the credit approval unconscious process and the approval government of individuals or directions as well as the basis of those decisions. Royal Capital Limited provides credit facilities to the customer as per Margin Rules, 1999. ? Margin Risk Management Process Margin risk management process should cover the entire margin cycle start from the origination of the margin in a financial institutions books to the point the margin is extinguished from the books. ? Internet Trading Service (ITS) This is a border less trading system.Investor who have access to lucre take part in share market from any part of the creative activity, and can do his own buy-sale at own pace. Investor interested to may be able to log on to www. bangladeshtockmarket. com to get all the relevant information on the Internet trading and also for trading. ? Real time trading ease in both Dhaka & Chittagong Stock Exchanges A client can trade any bourse simultaneously from any of our branches. ? Xpress Settlement On selling shares through Xpress settlement cheque is i ssued on the same day & not on the exchange payout date.This money can then be withdrawn immediately. ? Any stage Trading Facility RCL is giving any branch trading facility to its client. ? Depository Service A depository is an organization formed to provide electronic depository facilities to share holder under prevailing law in the electronic form through the medium of depository participants (DPS). The Central depository Bangladesh Ltd (CDBL) is the just now depository in Bangladesh, which is setup and governed by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Bangladesh (SEC).RCL is among the few Depository Participant (DP) in the country and the first DP who started related service right from introduction of this in the country. ? Beneficiary Owner (BO) Account A BO account is mandatory for applying IPO shares and also for trading of CDBL shares in secondary market. By opening a BO account with RCL you can enjoy both facilities. ? Demat Securities Dematerialization is the process of converting physical securities in electronic form. RCL is trusted name in providing that service for its client. ? PledgeDepository service with RCL allows you to pledge demated securities with any bank or financial institution to avail loan. ? Research Activities This is one of the issues that the Royal Capital Limited management was very a great deal serious about and because put due emphasis according to the need of the capital market. Stock business is information based. Right information at the right time in the right place is the core of the game. So RCL publish some very informative and analytical publications intended to help research the financial performance of the listed organization so that the client can take wise investment decision. . 3Board of directors Chairman Mr. A Q I Chowdhury, OBE CEO & MD- Mr. Munir Ahmed Director- Ms Jesmin Islam Chowdhury Director- Mr. Sami Chowdhury Director- Mr. Saadi Chowdhury deck out Analysis of Royal Capital Limited Positive N egative Strength(s) Weakness(w) Internal Goodwill. Inadequate IT system. Factors Credibility. Lack of look ated ersonnel. Strong financial condition ample financial resource. Absence of risk management assessment. Insufficient research and victimisation. Efficient and experience management team. Lack of strategical planning. Prompt service. Transparency. Never a default to client and to DSE, CSE and CDBL. Opportunity(O) Threats(T) External Immense scope to increase trade. Entry of in the altogether competitor. Factor Increased competition. Share market crisis. 2. 4Organogram of RCL Royal capital Limited at A Glance Name of the company Royal Capital Limited. Type of company Private limited.Date of incorporation 1st April 1995. Member Registered No Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. Registration No. 3. 1/Dse-21/2006 Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. Registration No 3. 21/CSE-121053 Authorized capital BDT 150 million. Paid up capital BDT 65 million. No. of Offi ces & Branches 12 No. of employees 110 Number of BO holders 37,112 Daily average turnover US$ 1. 7million Market share 1. 20% Chairman of the company Mr. A Q I Chowdhury, OBE CEO & MD Mr. Munir Ahmed Administration 07 members Board of Directors Organization Address Corporate OfficeFinlay House (Ground Floor), Agrabad C/A, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Chapter 3 Literature Review 3. 1Human resourcefulness Management HRM involves all kind of decisions related with human resource. HRM can be define as a specific combination of HR practices, work structures and process that maximizes employees knowledge, skill, commitment and flexibility. Storey (1995) defines HRM as a distinctive approach to employment management which seeks to obtain competitive advantage developed showing how HRM practices leads to overall corporate performance.According to Khatri (1999), people are one of the most cardinal factors providing flexibility and adaptability to organizations. Rundle (1997) argues that one of necessity to bear in mind that people (managers), not the firm, are the adaptive mechanism in determining how the firm will respond to the competitive environment. Several scholars have noted that managing people is more difficult than managing engine room or capital (Barney, 1991 Lado and Wilson, 1994). 3. 1. 1Human Resource Management Nature Human Resource Management is a process of bringing people and organizations together so that the goals of to each one are met.HRM practices refer to organizational activities directed at managing the pool of human resources and ensuring that the resources are employed towards the fulfillment of organizational goals (Schuler & Jackson, 1987 Schuler & MacMillan, 1984 Wright & Snell, 1991). Redman and Matthews (1998) identify an HRM bundle of cite practices which promote service organizations quality strategies, these being ? Careful enlisting and selection, for example, total quality recruitment, zero defects recruitment, right first time recruitment. ? drawn-out remuneration systems, for example, bonuses available for faculty willing to be multi-skilled. Team working and flexible caper design, for example, encouraging a sense of cohesiveness and designing authorize pipelines. ? procreation and learning, for example, front line staff having enhanced interpersonal and social skills. ? Employee involvement, for example, clasping employees informed of key changes in the organization. ? murder appraisals with links to contingent refund systems, for example, gathering customer feedback to recognize the work by employees over and above their expected duties, which in turn is likely to lead to a bonus for staff. 3. 1. 2Human Resource Management ObjectivesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is about matching employment practices to an organizations schema, according to Hendry (1999, p. 3). In Torrington, Hall and Taylors (2008) opinion, its objectives are to concur that organizations are well staffed and that those e mployees are well treated, motivated and committed to their work to provide best performance. ? To help the organization reach its goals. ? To ensure effective engagement and maximum development of human resources. ? To ensure respect for human beings. To identify and satisfy the needs of individuals. To ensure reconciliation of individual goals with those of the organization. ? To happen upon and maintain high morale among employees. ? To provide the organization with well-trained and well-motivated employees. ? To increase to the fullest the employees job satisf go through and self-actualization. ? To develop and maintain a quality of work life. ? To be ethically and socially reactive to the needs of society. ? To develop overall personality of each employee in its multidimensional aspect. ? To enhance employees capabilities to perform the present job. To equip the employees with precision and clarity in transaction of business. ? To inculcate the sense of team spirit, team wor k and inter-team collaboration. 3. 1. 3The HRM Department is responsible for ? Understanding and relating to employees as individuals, thus identifying individual needs and race goals. ? Developing affirmative interactions between workers, to ensure collated and constructive enterprise productivity and development of a uniform organizational culture. ? Identify areas that suffer lack of knowledge and insufficient training, and accordingly provide remedial measures in the form of workshops and seminars. Innovate new operating practices to minimize risk and generate an overall sense of belonging and accountability. ? Recruiting the required custody and making provisions for expressed and promised payroll and benefits. ? Implementing resource strategies to subsequently create and sustain competitive advantage. ? Empowerment of the organization, to successfully march strategic goals by managing staff effectively. ? The human resource department also maintains an open demeanor to emp loyee grievances.Employees are free to approach the human resource team for any conceived query or any form of on-the-job stress that is bothering them. ? Performance of employees is also actively evaluated on a regular basis. Promotions are conducted and are predominantly based on the overall performance of the individual, accompanied by the span or tenure he has served the organization. The Human resource department also looks at the possibilities of the employee migrating from one job to another, maintaining the hierarchy in the company and considering the stability of post and the salary obtained over a catamenia of time. 3. 2Functions of HRMThe Human Resources Management (HRM) function admits a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding the staffing needs of an organization and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your military group and management practices conform to dissimilar regulations. Human resource department of an organization consist of all human resource management functions. chisel Analysis Job analysis is one of the most important task that performed by the HR staff.Through job analysis the vacant position is find out and the job translation and job specification is prepared. Job description Job description is an organized and factual record of the duties and responsibilities for a particular job. Job Specification It is a statement of minimum acceptance of human qualities necessary to perform a job properly. The company selects employees according to job specification. 1. Recruitment Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualify job aspects in such numbers that the organization can select the most appropriate person to fill its job needs.In addition to plectron job needs, the recruitment activity should be concerned with satisfying the needs of t he job candidates. pic Methods of recruitment Job posting The organization announces position openings through bulletin boards, company publications, and network/intranet. Skills inventories Manual or computerized systematic records listing employees education, fretfulnesser and development interests, languages, special skills, and so on to be used in forecasting inside candidates for promotion. 2. period thinkSuccession planning refers to the plans a company makes to fill its most important executive positions. It involves analysis of the demand for managers and professionals by company level, function, and skill and planning of individual occupational group paths based on objective estimates of future needs and drawing on reliable performance appraisals and assessments of potential. 3. Selection The selection criteria for a position are a list of the essential and desirable skills, attributes, experience, and education which an organization decides is necessary for a position. ill-treat-1 Job analysis Job analysis style developing job-related information. Its the starting point in the selection plan and, for that matter, in the entire recruitment and selection process Conducting a job analysis Start by mainly describing the purpose of the job. Define the major work processes the employee does. These are the duty statements. Decide which duties are essential Essential duties are either critical to the job or they take up a large percentage of time. Identify the KSBs needed to do the major duties and responsibilities. Minimum qualifications (MQs) describe the knowledge, skills, and behaviors (KSBs) needed to perform the major duties of a job upon entry to the job Developing minimum qualifications Using the job analysis, identify the KSBs that are necessary on the first day of the job. ? Step-2 Identifying selection procedures next job analysis, the second stage in developing a selection plan is deciding how you will evaluate applicants and select t he best person for the job. genteelness and experience evaluations This method, often called TE, looks at an applicants training and experience as they relate to the job. addendumal Questions Supplemental questions give applicants specific guidelines to describe the competencies they gained through training and experience. create verbally tests Written tests can be good selection tools, but they arent always practical. Written exams cost a lot of time and money to develop. Performance tests Performance tests involve having an applicant perform small samples of an actual duty. Examples include Physical tests Physical tests often include endurance or strength measurements, which could adversely impact on women, older workers, and others. References If not done well, reference checks can result in the same problems as informal, unstructured references. Work Sample A work sample is some tangible thing an applicant has produced. It should represent the applicants level of competence in a specific area. Interview The oral interview remains the most popular selection procedure, but they also need to be valid and consistent. Medical examination- Medical tests are conducted to ensure physical fittingness of the potential employee. It will decrease chances of employee absenteeism. Appointment Letter- A reference check is made about the candidate selected and then finally he is appointed by giving a formal try-on letter. 4. Human Resource development Human Resources Development (HRD) is a framework for the expansion of human capital within an organization through the development of both the organization and the individual to procure performance improvement. HRD includes the areas of training and development, career development, and organization development pic Training and development means acquiring knowledge, developing competencies and skills, adopting behaviors that improve performance in rate of flow jobs.Organization development is the diagn osis and design of systems to assist an organization with planning change. Career development is the activities and processes for mutual career planning and management between employees and organizations. 5. ORIENTATION & TRAINING After recruiting & selecting next step is to orientation & train the employees. To ensure better performance, employees must know what to do & how to do, to know this they have to go through orientation. Training Need Assessment A needs assessment is the process of identifying the gap between performance required and current performance.The purpose of a training needs assessment is to identify performance requirements and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed by an organizations workforce to achieve the requirements. The assessment should address resources needed to fulfill organizational mission, improve productivity, and provide quality products and services. 6. Performance Management And Appraisal Performance management is a process that consolida tes goal setting, performance appraisal and development into a single common system, the aim of which is to ensure that the employees performance is supporting the companys strategic aims. . Compensation and benefits Compensation is the financial remunerations given by the organization to its employees in exchange for their work. Employee compensation refers to all forms of pay or rewards going to employees and arising from their employment. There are two main components of employee compensation ? Direct financial payments wages, salaries, incentives, commissions, bonuses. ? Indirect payments employer paid indemnity and vacations. Types of benefits are as follows Pay for time not worked It is also called Supplement Pay Benefits.It is generally an employers most costly benefits because of the large amount of time off that many employees receive. Common time off pay periods include Holi age, Vacations, Maternity commit, Sick leave, Personal days, Unemployment insurance payments for laid-off or terminated employees. Insurance benefits workers compensation, health & disability insurance, mental health benefits and life insurance. Retirement benefits subvention plans, retirement benefits and survivors or death benefits. Services personal services credit union and counseling services. Chapter 4 Findings 4. HUMAN RESOURCE division of RCL Human Resource Management has come to be recognized as an inherent part of management, which is concerned with the human resources of an organization. Besides all other departments Royal Capital Limited also has a HR department. HR Manager is responsible person the planning the Human Resource Policy in the organization. The basic Organogram of the Human Resource Department of RCL is as follows Manager (HR) Deputy Manager Assistant Manager sr. administrator Executive Jr. Executive The single-valued function of Human Resource department of RCL is as follows ? Human resource planning, recruitment and selection. ? Making Human Resource Policy. ? Under taking training programs for skill development. ? honourable issues and codes of conduct ? Maintain liaison with the administrative manager. ? Grievances handling of the employees. ? Keep proper security of the company assets. ? To arrange promotions for staffs. Maintain personal files & records of employees. ? Conducting motivational programs. ? Taking care of in-house cleanliness, health and safety. 1. Human Resource Planning Human resource planning is a process that identifies current and future human resources needs for an organization to achieve its goals. workforce planning is the process by which an organization can engage the right number of people for the right job at the right time. The custody needs of RCL reviewed twice in a year. The responsibility of HR Planning is on HOD-HR. RCL follow the following steps for effective human resource planningStep 1 Analysis of existing positions An analysis of all post done with respect to the requi rement of those posts for the current and future functioning of the organization. They use arch analysis and ratio analysis for forecasting personnel needs. Step 2 Estimation of job vacancies The number of job vacancies which will occur in the flood tide year estimated considering the following matters ? Promotions ? Demotions ? Separation due to Retirement, Resignation and/or Dismissal Creation of new position due to increased work load, i. e. Workload P = No. Of peopleStep 3 Taking stocks of the existing manpower skills Then a list is prepared of each employee which contains his/her name, educational qualification, experience in each trade/position, area of specialization, special award received, outstanding achievements etc. Step 4 Arriving at the net manpower requirements & initiating further activities The gross manpower requirements, assessed as per Step 2 compared with the availability of existing skills arrived at Step 3. The comparison leads to one of the following situat ions All vacancies may be fill up by the redisposition of existing manpower.The redeployment can be done based on the skills identified in the Performance and Potential appraisals of every employee. The options before management are Promotions, Transfer, Retraining, Reallocation of work and Job Rotation. This will occur when it is found that there is surplus manpower in certain departments/sections/branches and deficit of similar skills in other departments/sections/branches. The decisions taken by the HOD-HR and the concerned HOD and the final approval of the MD. Deficit manpower skills If in spite of redeployment of personnel, deficit of skills remain in the organization the action is recruitment.In case of surplus manpower, retrenchment action will be resorted to after approval from the MD. Based on the above steps the HOD-HR prepares a detailed manpower Plan for the coming year. A reproduction of the Manpower Plan forwarded to all the competent authority. It is the responsibil ity of HOD to get approval from MD. After getting the approval it is the Manpower Plan for the coming year. Then it is the responsibility of the HOD-HR to institute necessary subsequent actions based on the Manpower Plan i. e. Promotions, Transfers, Retraining, Job Rotation, Recruitment etc. fter carrying out the above Manpower Planning exercise if new positions need to be added, it need to get approval from the Board. 2. Recruitment and selection of employee Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified job candidates in such numbers that the organization can select the most appropriate person to fill its job needs. In addition to filling job needs, the recruitment activity should be concerned with satisfying the needs of the job candidates. 1. Recruitment RCL have a standard recruitment procedure expound as follows picPersonnel requisition form contains detail the Job specification, Job responsibility and necessary qualification, experience, and skills required for t he specific post. The HOD-HR sends the PRFs to the departmental heads as the number of the positions to be filled in that department. The departmental heads return the PRFs to the HOD-HR after filled up the forms. Based on the specifications in the PRF, the HR department will start the recruitment process. The recruitment process done through the following medium Open Recruitment This involves recruitment through advertisements.The advertisement for required post will appear in major national and regional newspapers, business magazines or in different websites of job circulation. Deputation Some vacancies filled y recruiting employees on deputation. Receipt of be cured _or_ healed The last(a) date for receipt of resumes/applications will specified in the advertisements. Once the applications are received, they can screen out by the HOD-HR. then suitable candidates are sent interview letters by the HR department. The call for test/ interview sent only short listed candidates wel l in advance.The letter will inform the candidates date of test/ interview, venue of the test/ interview. HR department is responsible for making the test/ interview arrangement at the appointed date, time and place. This consist of an appropriate test and interview room, a waiting room, lunch and tea for candidates and selection committee members, arrangements for the reimbursement of the fare to candidates and to interview panel experts. 2. Selection RCL follow the standard selection procedure for selection of personnel All the above steps are detailed below.Selection procedure for support staff such as Drivers, Office Assistants, etc. , For selection of support staff the following procedure shall be adopted ? The Drivers and Office Assistants may be selected from known and reliable sources after verifying the reliability of the applicant. ? The applicant must possess basic knowledge of office environment. ? The person selected shall be appointed on probation for a period of 12 mo nths, which shall be reviewed and if needed can be further extended up to 12 months. ? The support staff shall be selected by Managing Director (MD) on the good word of board of directors. picThe persons who will constitute the selection committee depend upon the position for which the interview will be conducted. ? For MD A subcommittee of the Board of Directors. ? For GM & DGM MD and some other members of the Board of Directors. ? For HODs The selection committee consists of the ED, GM, DGM, HOD-HR, and some experts may also be called from outside the organization to assess the candidate. The members of the Governing body can also be part of the selection committee. ? For other posts The selection committee consists of the concerned HOD, and HOD-HR. The MD involves in recruitment of all employees.Final approval of all candidates lies with the MD. The MD and HOD-HR meet to form the selection committee. The HOD-HR informs the respective HOD of their role on the committee. An app ropriate date for the interview/test is fixed with the consent of all and the selection committee informed of the same. HOD-HR is responsible for coordinating with the selection committee members. Various tests like the Language test, Performance test, Aptitude test, Intelligence test and Personality test is conducted, if required, depending upon their relevance and applicability for different positions.The Human Resource Department designs the above tests in consultation with the respective HODs and gets it approved by the MD. After the test, (if administered), the short listed candidates are interviewed by respective the selection committee. Irrespective of the position being filled, Interviews are conducted. Each members of the selection committee fill up one approved rating form for each of the candidates. The selection committee meets, at the earliest, after all the interviews are over, to decide on the final candidates to be selected.The points scored in the tests and interv iews tallied and the final decision for the selected candidate taken. The list is forwarded to the MD for approval. The MD returns the list to the head of the HR department to send the letter of offer. The letter of offer informs the candidate of his/ her selection. It contains details of the post, grade and casing of pay being offered to the candidate. It also contains any special terms and conditions of appointment. The letter also contains the proposed day and date of joining, intimation of the address of joining and how to get to the address.A copy of the letter send to the selected candidate duly signed indicating that he/ she will join on the appointed date and time. If certain terms are un satisfying to him/ her, then he/ she may inform accordingly so that dialogs may be conducted, if required. The letter of Offer duly signed by the selected candidate (after all negotiations are over, if required) will constitute the Letter of Acceptance. The objective of the appointment procedure is to ensure that the employee completes all formalities before he is given the formal appointment letter. The procedure for appointment will consist of the following steps ? Joining reportThe prospective employee has to report to the HOD-HR on the appointed date. The HOD-HR then takes the employee through the appointment procedure. ? guard of Certificates The appointing authority checks the documentations of the prospective employee. These include his/her academic and other certificates as well as past experience certificates. These are cross checked with the information mentioned by the candidate in the application form. ? Check of age of candidate The appointing authority also check the age of the candidate through his/her school leaving certificate and cross check it with the age mentioned in the application form. Medical tests The candidate will be asked to undergo a medical test consisting of blood test, tit X-ray, blood pressure, eye test. ? General check up The organization can either appoint a doctor on contract or it can approve a panel of doctors for the employees of the society. The prospective employee shall bring the above test reports with him/ her or the doctor can send them directly to the organization. ? References The prospective employee is asked to furnish name calling and address of three references who have known him/ her for more than two years.The HR department sends reference sheets to them and gets their responses on the persons qualifications, abilities and other traits. ? Secrecy wed The prospective employee also signs a bond of secrecy so that confidential information is not leaked out. ? Appointment Letter After all the above steps are completed the HOD-HR issues a formal Appointment letter to the selected candidate, duly signed by the MD. ? Employee Personal File As soon as an employee joins the organization, a personal file is opened on his/ her name. This file is kept confidential and maintained and is under the care of the HR department.The personal file will contain the following Joining report Ratings of Test and/ or Interviews Photocopies of academic Qualification certificates Photocopies of past employment certificates A record of the date of birth or home(a) ID card Medical test report at the time of appointment as well as any subsequent tests done. If any Comments of referees Copy of the secrecy bond All correspondence before joining including copies of the letter of Offer, Letter of Acceptance, and appointment Letter Emergency contact number and address 3. InductionInduction is the process of acquaint a newcomer to the organization with the job, surroundings and the organization itself. RCL use the following demonstration process for the new employee to familiarize the job and the organization to him/her The procedure of induction consists of the following steps ? Orientation of new Employee The HR department plans an induction program in consultation with the departmen ts concerned for the newly induced employees based on experience and grade. ? Introduction to the Organization The new employee meets the HOD-HR.He explains the new employee organizations mission, objectives, culture and organizational structure. The HOD-HR also ensures that he/she gets a booklet that contains important rules/ terms of service and conditions of employment. ? Advice to various departments The HR department informs the relevant department heads of the appointment of new employee. This also includes the HOD-Finance and Accounts as well as the HOD of the concern department. ? Introduction to the employees of the organization This consist the three following groups of employees The MD and GM/DGM and their immediate staff The concerned HOD and immediate superior The other employees ? Induction Training The HOD informs the employee his/her induction training schedule. ? Issue of individuation Card and Visiting Cards A formal identity card with the employees name, number , photograph and signature issued. The HR department also arrange see card for the employee. ? Service book Proper record of different types of leaves, performance etc of employees of the RCL for sanctioning leave, leave encashment, annual increment and performance of individual employees maintained in the service book of the employee concerned. . Compensation management All the employees of RCL receive salary and allowances as per the rules framed by the governing body of RCL. The pay and allowances paid to the employees on the 1st date of the month following the month during which the service is performed. If the 1st day is holiday then the payment made on the afternoon of the last working day of the month for which payment is due. ? Increment Increment normally accrues on satisfactory of the completion of the calendar year. The increment is granted on satisfactory performance of the employee and the approval of the MD. Special pay Special pay may be granted for discharge of addi tional work, work of high quality or special nature. The grant of special pay requires the approval of the MD. ? Revision of salary structure The management of RCL conducts a salary structure revision once in a year. The responsibility of revising the salary structure for all grades lie within the management and the authority for approval lie with the Governing proboscis. pic Non-financial benefits of RCL that provided to its employees are as follows discussed Pay for time not worked ? Weekly HolidaysFriday and Saturday are weekly holidays unless otherwise specified. ? Leaves The organization provides leave to the employees to refresh themselves, celebrate festivals and have a vacation. The following types of leave are allowed Annual Leave one day for every 18 days worked (Annual leave is based on the number of days worked by the employee and not given for the days during which the employee was on leave without pay) Casual leave 10 days in a calendar year. Sick leave 14 days in a year (Medical Certificate needs to be produced if leave is taken for three or more days) Maternity leave National & feast Holidays organization observes the same National holidays and holidays on account of festivals and other holidays. ? Other benefits Insurance RCL provide insurance benefits to its employees. TA/DA Dearness allowances Tour expenses lucrativeness sharing 5. Performance appraisal & management Performance and potential appraisal for employees of RCL is done quarterly in a year. The individual appraisal is done in Appraisal forms. The HR head send as many forms as there are employees in each department and each branch, to the department heads and branch in charge.The department heads distribute the forms to all employees who would fill up the relevant columns along with their immediate supervisors within a weeks time. Then the departmental heads give their ratings and discuss the same with the respective employees and their immediate supervisors. After compl eting the forms sent to the HR department for completion. Individual performance Appraisal will be done at two levels ? Initiating Authority This would lie with the immediate superior of the appraisee. ? Accepting Authority This would lie with the HODs /MD/Chairman as the case may be.The Initiating authority and Accepting authority at different levels in SIFPSA will be as follows Performance Appraisal for the MD The initiating and accepting authority would lie with the Chairman of the Governing Body of RCL. Performance Appraisal for the GM The initiating authority would be the MD and the accepting authority would be the Chairman of the Governing Body of RCL. Performance Appraisal for Grade IX employees. GM shall be Initiating / Reviewing Authority and Managing Director shall be the Accepting Authority. Performance Appraisal for Grade I to octonary employees Initiating Authority shall be the Departmental Managers of the division concerned. Reviewing Authority shall be the GM and Accepting Authority shall be the Managing Director. Organization performance appraisal The MD, GM, and Heads of the departments will meet to discuss the performance of RCL as a whole. They will assess the achievements of the organization since the last appraisal, causes for delay/ non-achievements, corrective measures, and the tasks for the organization till the next appraisal. 6. Training and developmentTraining is the process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. On the other hand Management development means any attempt to improve current or future management performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or increasing skills. ? Procedure During the Performance and Potential Appraisal, the training needs of individuals and departments will be identified. The HR head prepare a list of training needs and categorize them into Technical, Managerial, and Behavioral. He/ She will also circulate the days and dates of the various training pr ograms to be organized in the next one year.The training programs should ideally begin after the recruitment process is over so that new employees can also be trained along with the regular employees of the organization. Kinds of Training The various trainings that will be imparted are as follows Training conducted by a society employee This type of training is essentially conducted by an experienced employee of RCL. It is conducted when some skills are to be airred to another person within the society or to train new employees. Training conducted by outside agenciesThis training is conducted when new skills are to be imparted to the employees of the organization. The HR department identifies agencies and experts who can impart relevant training. The HR department also has to arrange the training conducted in the organization or outside it. ? Training Impact Assessment Thus training and development programs play an important part in the smooth and effective functioning of the org anization. The impact of such programs on the functioning of the organization also assessed periodically. The responsibility of such assessment is of HOD-HR.The period of assessment is from one month to a year after the program has been conducted or on the spot assessment. Based on these assessments the organization decides to discontinue the particular program. It can also decide to change the trainer in order to improve the impact of such training. 6. Career planning & growth Career Planning is concerned with providing experiences that will enable employees to develop their full potential. Procedure RCL designs avenues for career planning and growth of the employees and its compensation package such as to attract and keep the best managerial talent.Career planning and growth of the organization, take place through the following steps pic Career Planning Performance and Potential Appraisal is an trait of the employees accomplishments and his/ her potential Training and its applic ations show how quickly he/ she is able to adapt to new roles and responsibilities. The employee have to take initiative in his/ her own career planning by setting targets for himself/ herself and suitably getting nominated for training in areas which he/ she needs to develop. Based on the above, management encourages career planning and growth for all the employees of RCL. Career Growth Career Growth depends upon the performance of the employee and the avenue open for him/ her in his/ her own or other departments due to fleet of superiors. If the employee needs special skills to occupy those positions, appropriate training arranged for him/ her. The Appraisal committee decides the promotion of the employee and indicates future avenues of growth. Promotion also takes place through transfer of employees from one department to the other or from one location of operation to another. The management consults the employee on whether such a promotion is acceptable to him/ her or not. Prom otions The HOD HR prepares the following letters at the end of the Appraisal Committee deliberations The above letters are approved by the MD and sent to the employee. 7. DIFFERENT natural HR FUNCTIONS OBSERVED IN RCL RCL authority provides opportunity to the students from different institutions, to take part in their internship program. This type of programs continues for 2- 3 months. As RCL is a giant organization in the area of capital market, there is ample opportunity for the students who engaged there for internship, to gather lots of practical experiences, which will be fruitful for their career.Another most comprehensive responsibility for the HR department of RCL. The executives of HR department in RCL are responsible to develop the personal files of different employees. For that they have to always keep close contract with every employee to collect their profile and to update their personal history, which are kept into a different format prescribed by the RCL authority. Its a common responsibility for all the departmental heads of Royal Capital Limited to give daily briefing to their executives about the particular responsibility for the day.For example the Trade Manager of RCL It involves discussions- it means that is an act of communication and the general objective of counseling is to understand and/or decrease an employees emotional disorder. Counseling is voluminous in all aspects of the employer-employee relationship. 1. Analysis and gap between theory and practice After analyzing and comparing the literature with the functions and responsibilities of HR & Admin department of RCL it is found that RCL follows a well established HR policy to recruit and to guide its human resource.But there are some gap between the theory and practice which need address to make its human resources more competitive and achieve organizational goals. Chapter 5 Recommendations & Conclusions 5. 1Key policy recommendations Develop a strategic HR function ? Review th e strain and staffing of the HR function to transform it into a strategic HR function. ? Develop a service improvement plan that reflects customer feedback and builds on the work started at the HR away day. ? Refocus the work of the HR team on the OD agenda and the refined HR strategy and implement an associated development program for HR staff.Review and develop the HR strategy ? The HR strategy should capture the employer brand of RCL, and focus directly on achieving the vision and developing the required culture. ? communication theory/ employee engagement and workforce development planning should be key strands. ? Review core values and develop the new vision into a practical strategy and change program that all staff can understand. Align Training and Development to OD ? Create a separate training and development department for the employees. ? Refocus corporate training and development to ensure that core training eflects and reinforces the OD agenda. Performance management ? Performance standards should be defined in quantifiable and measureable terms which easily understood able to the employees of RCL. ? There should use the 360degree performance appraisal method to evaluate the performance of the employees. ? The employees should provide the feedback of performance appraisal so that they can improve their performance in future. 5. 2Conclusion Human resource management (HRM, HR) is the management of an organizations employees. An organization success is fully depending on proper personnel management.As a result, the organization can ensure the productivity by ensuring the proper human resource management. They provide better service facility to their employees, which in turn give the timely production and necessary activities effectively and efficiently without any hazard. It means the proper service facility and sound-working condition remains the whole organization. The stock market of Bangladesh as of today consists of stock exchanges such of Dha ka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).In modern business world stock broker house plays a vital role for their client. This research report took an endeavor to identity the brokerage house human resource management practice and performance that took place within last decade with special emphasis on Royal Capital Ltd. Royal Capital Limited has a HR department with highly skilled professionals who are employed to achieve organizational goals. The successes of an organization fully depend on its human capital. So it needs to provide proper guidelines, training and continuous developing with the changes in the business world to achieve the market share and rganizational goals. References 1. Organizations web site. 2. HR manuals of Royal Capital Limited. 3. Dessler G. (2004), Human Resource Management, 11th edition, Prentice Hall. 4. Management, Heinz Weigh rich, Harold Koontz 10th edition. 5. A b c d Thomas N. Garavan, tricky Costine, and Noreen Heraty (1995). Training and Development Concepts, Attitudes, and Issues. Training and Development in Ireland. Cengage Learning EMEA. pp. 1. ISBN 1872853927. 6. Derek Torrington, Laura Hall, and Stephen Taylor (2004). Human Resource Management. Pearson Education. pp. 363.ISBN 0273687131. 7. Web site, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 8. Storey, J. (1995). New perspectives on human resource management. New York Rutledge. 9. Beatty, R. W Schneier, C. E (1997). New Human Resources roles to impact organizational performance From partners to players. In D. Ulrich, M. R Losey & G. Lake (Eds), Tomorrows HR Management 48 Thought leaders call for change, pp. 69-83. 10. Public Sector and Management Act (May 9, 2001), Advertising, Selection, Appointment, Transfer and Promotion, Employment Instruction Number-1,from http//www. ocpe. nt. gov. u/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/9791/ei01. pdfpicpic picpic junior(a) Executive Senior Executive Senior Executive Senior Executi ve Senior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Junior Executive Executive Activities of RCL ? Stock Broking ? Cash Account ? Margin Account ? Internet Trading Service (ITS) Real time trading facility in both DSE & CSE ? Xpress Settlement ? Any Branch Trading Facility ? Depository Service ? BO Account ? Demat Securities ? Pledge Functions of HRM ? HR planning. ? Recruitment, selection & placement Training & development ? Performance Appraisal ? Transfer ? Remuneration ? Social security & welfare of employees. ? Setting general and specific management policy ? Collective bargaining, contract negotiation and grievance handling. ? Staffing the organization. ? Role Analysis for job occupants. ? Job Rotation. ? Quality Circle, Organization development and Quality of Working Life. ? Benefits Health care insurance Life insurance Disability insurance Retirement Voluntary accidental death and dismemberment insurance Leave Transfer Program Tuition Ass istance Plan Training opportunities Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive Junior Executive Executive Senior Executive GM Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Chairman & Board of Directors Manager (HR) Manager (Compliance) Manager (C. C) Manager CDBL & Settlement) Manager (IT) Manager (Fin & Acc) Manager (Trade) Managing Director Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Assistant Manager