A Struggle Against the Disintegration of Earlier Values

Andreas Capellanus examined a secular issue, that of homophile love and sexuality, in terms of a political noblesse and its behavior and in terms of how that love could be fitted into the religious structure of the Church of his era.

Aristotle surveyed the drama of his time and amazeed reliable concepts regarding the nature of the tragic hero. The tragic hero must be an important person with a character flaw that causes him to gift a great mistake leading to tremendous misfortunate and a fall from his high status. The tragedy derives from the fact that none of what occurs is the tragic hero's fault, for the tragic flaw predetermines his actions and seals his fate. This is the pattern found in the plays of Sophocles. The world of Sophocles is a world of myth brought into the gentle realm, and the tragic vision derives from the conflict amid the actions of human beings and the requirements of the gods:

Compared with the Homeric epics, Athenian tragedy reflected a more conscious sense of the gods' metaphoric significance and a more poignant appreciation of human self-awareness and suffering. Yet through profound suffering came profound learning, and the floor and drama of human existence, for all its harsh conflict and wrench contradiction, still held overarching purpose and heart. The myths were the living body of that meaning, constituting a words that both reflected and illuminated the essential processes of behavior.

Grube, G.M.A. The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1983.

Say to yourself in the morning: I shall recreate people who are interfering, ungracious, insolent, full of guile, deceitful and antisocial; they break all be shape up like that because they have no perceptiveness of good and evil. But I who have contemplated the essential dish aerial of good and the essential ugliness of evil, who know that the nature of the offender is of one kin with mine. . . I cannot be harmed by some(prenominal) one of them, and no one can involve me in shame.

Parry finds that the book was most likely written downstairs the direction of the Countess Marie and her associates at court, and he believes the work was intended to acquaint conditions at Queen Eleanor's court at Poitiers between 1170 and 1174 even though the writing of it must have taken place some years later. For the most part, Andreas is not likewise critical of the trends of his time, though he is intent on maintain the primacy of the Church.

Socrates represents the primary social value of inquiry, of the pursuit of philosophy, of the examination of the meaning of life. He also represents integrity, for when we inquire into the meaning of existence and develop a set of beliefs, we must live up to those beliefs. Socrates believes the unexamined life is not worth living, and if he accepts the right of the court to resolve his thoughts, he has lost his integrity. Socrates is a poor man who is cryptical in intellect and in dedication. His followers carry on his ideas for him, and though they may want to save him, he dialogue them out of it because to escape would be to go against his principles.

bout individuals who reflected the magnificence of order and obedience to both the gods and the state, though the two a good deal clashed, as in Antigone. In Oedipus, Sophocles shows the suffering that can come when man does not heed the gods. Oedipus's fate is determined in the lead the action of the play, and for that matter it is determined when
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