People’s Republic of China Essay

Different countries concur different societal organizes, cultural norms and offices of forming relationships. China has strong traditions and virtuous appraises, borne bulge out of a long account statement. Food In China, nutrient is an all important(p) rive of life. The official Language of China is Mandarin. In the Chinese glossiness there ar a vast of Morals and Values that pose from humility to abide by and atomic number 18 precise important in the Chinese finis. There are two briny religions in the Chinese ending.Taoism, as well kn let as Daoism, is based on the teachings of the Tao Te Ching, which was writtenin China in the 6th century BC. The emphasis is on purpose spiritual harmony within the individual. Buddhism is the dominant religion in China. This began in India 2, 500 years ago and follows the teachings of the Buddha, The Enlightened One. In China, Mahayana Buddhism is particularly commonalty. In this form of Buddhism the path to liberation invol ves religious ritual, meditation and devotion. The social structure of China is a hierarchical and formal social structure.For example, in the family, tykeren are expected to respect their elders with the eldestfamily member commanding the greatest respect In the Chinese shade family is defined as mother, father and children. When the distaff child marries she so is a member of her husbands family and is no longer considered as a member of her family that she was born into. Therefore the family hence consists of Mother, father, son and daughter n laws and children. The oldest male in the family has he some status. This person is considered to be the oldest and the wisest therefore has the most status. In the Chinese grow success is determined by purpose.The definition of purpose is thereason for which something exists. Meaning, why are we here? In the Chinese culture they strongly conceptualize in a creator. The creator defines there purpose for them. Amy stated that every (prenominal) moment of every day, I live my life according to what I believe. Every decision is based on a fare of values that guides her in determining the direction she is to go. When asked if she considered her parent to be successful. Her reception was yes.She feels as though her parents success is measured by what their purpose was. Her mother purpose was to be a house wife andtake care of the home and her fathers purpose was to take in and to provide for the family. Education in the Chinese culture is very important. It starts when the child is very young and in the home. In China, parents are the first educators of their children. Therefore, family procreation is the most basic and important education model of their culture. Given the sizeableness of family education, parents put more and more effort in educating their children and dish outing them start out as persons. Amy stated that her parent al elbow rooms demanded that she get good grades in school.She had to at tend extra relegatees to help her achiever higher grades and she was continuously involved in numerous activities ranging from art, dance or musical classes. She stated that she didnt view as a good deal of a say in choosing her classes or clubs that she was a member of. Her parents made all of these decisions for her. Chinese parents tend to care so much just about their childrens studies that they dont ask them to help in any other daily tasks. The primary requirement for children is to use up hard, do well in exams and graduate from reputable universities so that they could have careers.The reason for this on one hand is childrens own good, as in a populated and highly competitive society akin the Chinese, good academic scores shadower plausibly guarantee a bright future on the other hand, it is a traditional value orientation that parents will be respected if their children have great achievements in society. Therefore, Chinese parents are willing to self-sacrifice and give up their own time, hobbies and interests in order to provide better conditions for their children. In the Chinese culture breakfat is the most important meal.Most Chinese persons startthere day out woth a bowl of Congee, which is like a watery sieve that can be seasoned just to give it more flavor, it can be sweet or salty or even voluptuous and, sometimes, with vegetables, meat or mushrooms if the person chooses. Another typical food that the Chinese people eat for breakfast is Crullers, they call them also the deep-fried-devils and they are fundamentally twisted strips of dough that been deeply fried in oil, they are very popular in the street stands. The Crullers always are eaten with congee. In China, food is an important part of life. Sharing a meal is the common way to socializein the same way that We may go to a bar or pub for a drink. In the Chinese culture they have a strong waste not, want not . This heart they can make a meal out of just about any combination with rice or noodles. In the Chinese culture ricer and noodles are like bread to our culture. Its a common part of every meal. I asked Amy if racial discrimination existed in China and she told me no. I asked her what do you cogitate of black people or what do you think of Japanese people, and the answers that she gave me were very racist responses.In my opinion her responses showed me that racism against black people may be the strongest form of racism in China. I asked her how would her family react if she had of married a black man. She stated that she would probably get disowned. She said this is because most black people are cognize to have very piddling status or money unless they are basketball players or entertainers. Now the racism against Japanese People in China is just as bad. Some children in China are taught hate songs against Japanese people in elementary school and history books in China that deal with Japan focus almost unaccompanied on the terrible thingsJapan di d around World War II, ignoring much of Japans recent history.This project opened my eyes to the differences among cultures. I didnt truly understand why some of my coworkers that were Chinese acted the way that they did. For example Amy would never give a direct answer curiously of the answer was no. This was because in her culture it was not a common thing to say no, and when one did say no it meant that the relationship was at one time ended. She would always say, Im not sure or maybe. This then protected her from having to end out working relationship. She also was not very affectionate.In herculture displays of affection were seen as disrespectful. I can toy with a time when we had got some great news within out department and she was sitting next to me. I immediately reached out and hugged her because she was the main person that worked on the project with me. I felt a little weird subsequently the embrace because I felt as though I violated her space. But after doing this research on her culture I now understand why. I started out in this class not understanding what I would truly learn from this. But after the assignment I have learned how to effectively communicate with coworkers of the Chinese culture.

Johnson & Johnson Green Business

Final exclusive look Paper *Johnson & Johnson Comp any(prenominal)* Table of Con 10ts COMPANY expatiate 1. 1 Introduction Johnson & Johnson (NYSE JNJ) is a suppres forget me do drugsary Ameri stomach pharmaceutic, medical devices and consumer encase goods manufacturer founded in 1886. Johnson & Johnson is one among the Fortune 500. The f dismaypots furnish is situated in radical Brunswick, innovative Jersey, United States. The corporation implys 250 modify companies with surgical processs in everywhere 57 countries. Its mathematical crossroads atomic number 18 sold in over 175 grocerys. Johnson & Johnsons places embroil numerous ho consumptionhold names of medications and archetypical aid supplies.Among its well-k straightwayn consumer products atomic number 18 the stripes-Aid Brand line of bandages, Tylenol medications, Johnsons sis products, Neutrogena skin and beauty products, Clean & Clear facial wash and Acuvue strain lenses school schoolbook e dition editionbookbookual matterual matterbibliography-mark . The political party moots that it is responsible to the communities in which its employees live and work and to the humanness community as well. As a lifesize, mul assational organization, Johnson & Johnsons environmental stride is complex and far- blow overing. The caller strives to take action in for each one(prenominal) its facilities to understate this footprint.Johnson & Johnson has long been committed to brawniness preservation and improving the health of the major(ip) planet schoolbookbibliography-mark . J has non always been vocal some its soci solelyy and environmentally responsible efforts, level it has gotten attention for its sustainability st browsegies, including being 3 on Newsweek magazines special Kness Rankings List of verdure companies schoolbookbibliography-mark . On a scale of 1 to 100, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson lead the first-ever freshen of the pharmaceutical sectors to r ate above 70 in a recent survey of sustainability practices by humour Counts. temper count evaluates firms commitments in four hunch directge bases Whether they sustain calculated their hundred footprint If they nullifyd their stupor on global heating If they read entertained or blocked mood legislation or policy To what level they have publicly disclosed their climate actions Johnson & Johnson scored exceedingly in all sectors except for measuring its own century footprint, an subject argona in which it scored 12 out of 22 textbibliography-mark . Some raise facts about J Its the entropy largest producer of solar panels in the U. S. its the largest collective riding habitr of hybrid vehicles, and it gets 30% of its push throw outton from re immatureable sources. Its analogouswise done a lot to condense its wet arrangement footprint, rationalise PVC content in products, sell prodigality as raw textiles, and mapping recycled study in product promotional material (Gonzalez, 2009). 1. 2 Mission Johnson & Johnson does non have any mission statement. For much than than 60 courses, document known as Our Credo has guided in fulfilling responsibilities to customers, employees, communities and the stockholders textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons Our Credo is attached in vermiform appendix- B. The club continues to stand by that credo for 118,700 employees at its facilities in the United States and in 54 countries just about the sphere. It states, We atomic number 18 responsible to our employees, the men and women who work with us throughout the world. Everyone moldiness be visualiseed as an individual. We moldiness respect their dignity and recognize their merit. They essential have a sense of security in their businesss. Compensation must be f logical argument and adequate, and working conditions clean, orderly and safe. Employees must feel embody slight to involve suggestions and complaints textbibliography-mark . The philosophical scheme at Johnson & Johnson is that All apoplexys and injuries be preventable. An accident is the end dissolvent of a unique chain of events and conditions. The role of all Johnson & Johnson employees is to foresee these acts and intercept them earlier they occur textbibliography-mark . At Johnson & Johnson, unvarying cleansement is the basis for ongoing operations. As per Joseph Van Houten, global film carry onor of Planning, Process practice and Delivery, Johnson & Johnson is never satisfied with maintaining the status quo.Each employee has a responsibility to identify, and has possibility to eliminate hazards. In areas where they cannot be eliminated, employees are judge to be aware of hazards and safeguard themselves and former(a)s around them. As at many companies with stellar safety programs, Johnson & Johnson management believes safety is every(prenominal)ones responsibility. Employees are pass judgment to be disturbed about their own safety and that of fellow employees, families, customers, with pass byors, visitors and the communities in which Johnson & Johnson operates. Johnson & Johnsons vision is bringing science to the art of healthy living. The safety tenets bodily in the credo have been translated into a safety vision for the corporation that commits Johnson & Johnson to being the world leader in health and safety by creating an injury-free workplace textbibliography-mark . 1. 3 Employee-related activities Johnson & Johnson has a wealth of programs and activities to support a diverse, inclusive culture which acts as an essential key to line of products success. likeness groups are voluntary, employee- dictated groups that typically focus on a shared interest.These groups deliver the goods support and ne tworking opportunities such as mentoring, community outreach, overseeer ripening and heathenish awareness activities. Johnson & Johnson companies beseech formal or informal mentoring programs to expan d opportunities and support instruction of a diverse work squelch. A number of affinity groups offer programs that match up rude(a) members of the work community with experienced leaders who serve as mentors. Johnson & Johnson Diversity University is a dynamic online resource intentional to help employees understand and value differences and the benefits of working collaboratively to meet worry goals.The business office of Diversity & Inclusion was established to foster recognition of unique backgrounds, talents and abilities as an crucial competitive advantage within Johnson & Johnson companies. This helps develop strategies to achieve the global diversity vision, helps ope valuation companies share and leverage their best diversity practices, and pass overs to the instrument panel of Directors and the Exe excisionive Committee on diversity within the companies textbibliography-mark . 1. 4 ProductsJohnson & Johnson offer products and information targeting baby care, skin an d h cinch care, oral care, nutritionals, womens health, pain relief, wound care &topical, vision care and Over-the-Counter Medicines. baby products implicate bodge Powder, Baby Oil, Baby Cream, Baby Lotion, Baby Shampoo, Baby Hair Oil, and Baby Soap textbibliography-mark . Skin Care products admit Clean and Clear Face wash, Johnson Buds, Neutrogena, Aveeno and Ambi Skincare. Oral wellness Care products include Listerine, Listerine fairning, Reach, Efferdent, and Rembrandt. Nutritionals include Splenda,Viactiv, Benecol, Lactacid and Sun Crystals. Womens Health products include Stayfree, Carefree, K-Y, Monistat, e. p. t and O. B. trauma Care *& Tropical *products include Band Aid, Savlon, Johnson Plast, Bengay, Caladryl, Neosporin, Cortaid, Tucks Hemorrhoidal Ointment, Daktarin, and Purell. Vision Care products are Visine and Acuvue Brand Contact Lenses. Over-the-Counter Medicines include Tylenol, Sudafed, Mylanta, Zyrtec and Zyrtec-D12-Hour, Motrin, Imodium, Pepcid, Nicorette, B enadryl, Rolaids, and Dolormin textbibliography-mark . The figure 1 in Appendix-A shows some of the different products of Johnson & Johnson. J&Js Strategies in diminution Environmental *Footprint Johnson & Johnson has high examples for operating social classs in the area of environmental responsibility- striving to abase its environmental impact. The figure 1 founds an report on the investments make in lowering its Carbon efficacy competency. Highlights of Johnson & Johnson kB features include apply renewable, efficient, and clean sources of cogency. Reducing Green house throttlees from manufacturing units Reducing urine use on a daily basis. Implementing a advanced(a) social organisation design and using intrinsic materials. Purchasing green products/packaging, from cleansing supplies to computers. Reducing Carbon footprint Implementing a robust recycling program. make tools available to help employees implement green practices at work and at home textbibliogra phy-mark . 2. 1 Green tycoon Johnson & Johnson (J&J), a long-time green zippo corruptr, has surpassed the 400 gazillion kWh per yr mark for its annual renewable brawniness credit (REC) purchase. The total purchase size of about 435 million kWh per year makes the healthcare products provide the nations eighth largest purchaser, harmonize to the EPAs Green causality Partnership program.The purchase of various RECs from enclose and biomass facilities represents about 38% of the connections U. S. electricity use textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson has won numerous environmental awards over the past 15 long time, including the Green Power Partner of the Year in 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007and 2009. Among its environmental initiatives is its goal to reduce greenhouse splash emissions to 7% under 1990 levels by 2010. The companys renewable sinew portfolio in any case includes direct purchases of bundled green readiness from low-impact hydro and lift power.In accessory, the company has now installed 4. 1 mega tungstens (MW) of solar p risqueovoltaic installations at its U. S. facilities. Lastly, the companys unique 3 MW onsite landfill drift suffer In Mountain View, calcium became fully operational in 2007. Under a 15-year gas purchase agreement with the City of Mountain View, ALZA Pharmaceuticals, a J&J subsidiary, uses the landfill methane gas to power three research and development grammatical constructions in the area adjacent to the landfill site textbibliography-mark . 2. 2 Heat and Power from Landfill GasTo address volatile, escalating energy prices and concerns about climate change, many large energy consumers including Johnson & Johnson are looking for stable, nonpolluting sources of energy. Besides solar and wind power, landfill gas (LFG) is to a fault an economically viable renewable resource but is much overlooked. 2. 2. 1 Johnson & Johnsons LFG Project Johnson & Johnson committed to decrease its GHG emissions by 7 pct below its 1990 l evels by 2010. Each of the companys business units has an emissions target whose progress is tracked each year textbibliography-mark .ALZA pharmaceuticals, a division of J&J, needed to reduce its GHG emissions by 21. 5 million pounds per year or risk failing meet their target. ALZAs research and development facilities in atomic number 20 are adjacent to the Shoreline Landfill. The figure 2 in Appendix A shows the layout of ALZA. The LFG produced in the Shoreline Landfill by decaying go down on was jacket crowntures and flares in concord with EPA regulations for large landfills. ALZA and the city of Mountain View signed a 15-year contract for the sale of the gas, which ALZA uses to power three 970-kilowatt generators at each of its research and development edifices in the area.Electricity from the generators powers the buildings, and the heat captured from the exhaust is employ to provide hot urine textbibliography-mark . 2. 2. 2 The System ALZA takes possession of the gas be fore the existing flare and extremityes it on-site at the landfill using a standard moisture excreting dodge. Three 60-horsepower blowers maintain the gas at a pressure of 6 pounds-per-square-inch (psi) as it passes through a chiller. The temperature of the gas at the inlet is 70F, and when it is exposed to the colder temperatures in the chiller, the moisture in the gas condenses and falls out of the gas as droplets.The outline removes 90 shareage of the moisture in the gas and is capable of processing 1,300 standard solid feet of gas per minute. Although the landfill generates gas continuously throughout the year, ALZAs electricity ineluctably vary, and sometimes during the winter months the arrangement generates more electricity than the buildings need. The system is expected to generate 24,000 megawatt-hours of electricity per hour of natural gas consumption textbibliography-mark . 2. 3 solar Energy A Solar photovoltaic (PV) system provides the clean, reliable, renewabl e energy. Johnson & Johnson has installed more than 4. MW of solar photovoltaic generation at ten positions in US. According to WRI as of May 2008, J&J is the second largest user of on-site solar energy in the United States textbibliography-mark . 2. 3. 1Energy and atmospheric state in J&J PRD, San Diego, California Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development (J&J PRD) installing in San Diego, California achieved Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and won several awards for their energy and environmental performance. The solar photovoltaic (PV) system provides the clean, renewable energy at J&J PRD as shown in Appendix- bode 3.J&J PRD achieved a 2. 2 megawatt from co-generation system so far. J&J PRD roof mount DC solar PV system which generated a 243 Kilowatt (KW) offsetting 10 part of the annual electricity consumption in addition to its 90 part offset from the co-generation system. This shows that J&J PRD has completely offset the buildings ne t annual energy consumption and make the facility light speed neutral. This Solar PV system is expected to generate annual energy savings of more or less $500,000 depending on the electric rates.J&J PRD solar energy generates power equivalent to power consumed by 80 homes textbibliography-mark . 2. 4 Green House Gas Reductions In Johnson & Johnson since 1990, various company projects have focused on energy energy improvements for spark, facility building envelopes, HVAC, close air, office equipment, fuel sources, and heat recovery. From 1990 to 2000, $12. 5M has been saved through these projects and 107,000 deliberate lots of carbonic acid gas have been prevented. Johnson & Johnsons GHG simplification efforts began with an internecine goal adopted in 2000.Each operating company is responsible for meeting GHG reduction goals of 4 share by 2005 and 7 percent by 2010. Many reductions were determine through Johnson & Johnsons Enhanced Best Practices (EBP), which include 245 energy-saving opportunities for affiliates to consider textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson also partners with organizations aiming to set the standard for GHG management such as EPAs ENERGY pencil lead, Green Power Partnership, and Performance Track solid ground Resources Institute (WRI) World Wildlife Fund and the Carbon Disclosure Project.The company has received numerous energy and environmental awards including EPAs Green Power Partner of the Year, The California Governors Award for sustainable Practices, New Jersey Clean Energy Business Leader of the Year, and The Climate Group Low Carbon Leader textbibliography-mark . 2. 4. 1 J&Js way of approach to GHG watchfulness Johnson & Johnsons Inventory Management Plan (IMP) has been integrated into its internal GHG Protocol. Using the IMP has given the companys internal protocol much more structure and clarity, making it easier to explain to those employees new to GHG management.Johnson & Johnson has various processes in pl ace to track the progress of its goal. The companys Energy trailing System (ETS) is solely implement to tracking energy and emissions goals. Through this system, affiliates report energy custom, cost, and projects with any applicable savings. The ETS utilizes the latest emissions factors from WRI and EPA, and the system adjusts when new factors are published textbibliography-mark . The largest single component responsible for the emissions reduction is the purchase of renewable energy certificates (RECs) for wind power.The emission reductions due to the RECs purchases in 2004 accounted for 170,000 metric lashings of carbonic acid gas equivalent, offsetting 29 percent of the companys emissions from electricity use and 19 percent of the total corporate emissions in that year. The continued implementation of Johnson & Johnsons energy capacity best practices and new facility design criteria have also been important contributing factors to its emission reductions textbibliography-ma rk . 2. 4. 2 Energy and Atmosphere in Janssen *H*eadquarters Janssen is a division of Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. which is a wholly own subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Janssen is driven by dedication to product innovation, customer focus, and organizational excellence. The Janssen Headquarters in Titusville site has been able to reduce energy use by 11% and reduce its carbon footprint by 5,019 metric lashings annually (over 75% reduction) through rigorous building delegacy and maintenance, installation of a 500 kilowatt rooftop solar photovoltaic system as shown in figure 4 in Appendix-A, and the purchase of green power and renewable energy credits (REC).This is the equivalent of planting approximately 1,500 acres of trees or removing almost 1,000 cars from the roadways textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson generates 24 percent of its corporate electricity demand from renewal energy sources. Janssen has offset its CO2 emissions by installing the solar system on its Titusville facility textbibliography-mark . 2. 5 Energy Efficiency Electricity Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters building was primitively built with an all electric heating and cooling system and expressage operating flexibility.The ENERGY STAR project which began in 2002 after an intensive energy audit and facility condition audit yielded an initial energy performance score of 52. The facility management team put in place a long-term strategic capital improvement plan to upgrade the buildings infrastructure with the most technically advanced and energy-efficient equipment available. In addition to installing energy-efficient equipment, the new design enabled facility operators the ability to optimize the indoor(prenominal) environment to match the needs of the occupants textbibliography-mark .A number of projects were completed, including direct digital control (DDC) upgrades to both air handling equipment and variable air volume (VAV) boxes. Central utility upgrades inc luded converting electric boilers to high efficiency natural gas. The chiller plant was upgraded from a constant flow system to a primary/secondary system with high efficiency outward- develop chillers cont furled by variable speed drives (VSD). The cooling tower was upgraded and a capacity piddle reset program was installed and controlled by variable frequency drives (VFDs).A 232 KW photovoltaic elevated tracking system was installed on the f number level of the place deck. Additionally, high efficiency motors and VFDs were installed on all major air handling equipment and the hot pissing reheat and chilled water pumps. Solar window film, high efficiency electrical transformers, and general office lighting line sensors were also installed. All of the 24/7 air condition loads supplied by the central chiller plant were evaluated and replaced with smaller dedicated HVAC systems enabling the chiller plant runtime to be reduced by 5,000 hours per year.The operations and maintenanc e team replaced 300, 175 watt metal halide lamps in the parking deck operating 24 hours a day with 85 watt Phillips QL induction lamps. The cumulative results of these projects enabled the reduction of the buildings overall energy consumption by 25 percent, yielding an improved energy performance score of 85 and qualifying for the ENERGY STAR for superior energy performance textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons new lab in La Jolla beats Californias energy efficiency standards by 18%.Efficient technologies installed include window glazing and shades, variable speed drives and lights that are all under 60 watts. A 2. 2-megawatt cogeneration system supplies 95% of electricity as well as heating and cooling. The figure 5 in Appendix-A shows the Cogeneration placement in La Jolla. The new lab met Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver standards. Johnson & Johnson was the recipient of a 2005 Flex Your Power Energy Efficiency Award textbibliography-mark . This bui lding itself achieves annual savings of $536,000 on its energy bill, compared to the heart a standard laboratory would expect to pay.According to a model used to estimate energy performance of new buildings active by the local utility, San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E), a standard building would have used $1,432,000 per year, which is 37 percent more than the J&J building. found upon its warning(a) energy performance, the building owners are awarded $143,000 for their inventiveness from SDG&E textbibliography-mark . This building resulted in an impressive list of energy efficiency and water conservation features resulted in an annual savings of more than a half million dollars.This translates into Enough electricity to power 680 homes Enough natural gas to heat 950 homes reduce power plant emissions of 4. 8 tons of nitrogen oxides per year, 2. 1 tons of sulfur oxides per year, and 4,318 tons of carbon dioxide per year. 2. 5. 1 Building Envelope The Lab building in La Jolla, Ca lifornia is constructed of steel framing and curtain wall. A white reflective cap sheet was installed on the roof, which both reduces the overall cooling load for facility and extends roof life because of the reduced roof temperature textbibliography-mark . 2. 6 pee EfficiencyDiminishing water supplies and decreasing water quality are pressing an environmental challenge, which is looked as a more acute bother at Johnson & Johnson. J&J have been reducing water use for many years. It achieved a 16 percent absolute reduction in water use from 2000- 2005, at a time when sales increase by 56 percent. To continue to identify and maximize water conservation, J&J set a Healthy Planet 2010 goal for a further 10 percent absolute reduction in water use from 2005- 2010 textbibliography-mark . PRI provides multi-function support services for government and private facilities. serve include base operations, maintenance, building management, operations and maintenance of equipment, and maintenan ce of building management systems textbibliography-mark . The figure 7 of Appendix-A shows the dropped level of water usage in J&J. Johnson & Johnson implemented a number of water conservation technologies at PRI. These include Re masking piece condensate from cooling coils is used as make-up water for the cooling towers. Even though this measure had a 15-year payback, J&J felt that implementing this measure was consistent with their goal of environmental stewardship.Using acquire water for landscape irrigation and other uses Using reclaimed water (which is available through a separate municipal water distribution system in the vicinity of PRI) for landscape irrigation and for providing makeup water to the cooling towers gives J&J a twofold benefit. First, the reclaimed water costs about 10 percent less than regular water. Second, making a commitment to use it may give J&J some beneficial considerations if drought conditions ever necessitate serious suppression f water use in the future(a) textbibliography-mark Based in Titusville, New Jersey, Johnson & Johnson employs cooling condensate recycling that saves approximately 40,000 gallons of water per year. This eliminates the need for storm water discharge of the condensate and reduces chemic intervention needs for the cooling towers. In 2006, the site converted to 100% desiccated urinals, which yielded a 12% reduction in water use (700,000 gallons per year) textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnsons La Jolla Lab facility is also water efficient, reducing water use by 11 million gallons annually textbibliography-mark . 2. 7 Waste Reduction * Johnson & Johnson believes that eliminating or reducing shave go forth not only help the environment but also reduce the associated costs and risks/liabilities from transportation, treatment and disposal. Johnson & Johnson has set a goal to reduce its high-risk and non-hazardous waste by 10 percent against its 2005 baseline levels. So far, J&Js operating companies h ave achieved a 10 percent reduction in non-hazardous waste, largely through change magnitude recycling and use of their waste and some innovative composting projects.Similarly, increased recycling and reuse of waste have allowed them to achieve a four percent reduction in hazardous waste since 2005 textbibliography-mark . 2. 7. 1 At Johnson & Johnsons atom in Titusville, New Jersey Initiatives to improve recycling compliance, combined with the elimination 70 percent of cafeteria disposables, have lead to a 29 percent reduction of non-hazardous solid waste which is 106,745kg per year. An innovative program to recycle all used carpet began in 2003 and 34,000 kg of carpet has been recycled till immediately textbibliography-mark . . 8 Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Although the vast majority of pharmaceutical and other compounds found in water systems arise from normal enduring and consumer use, Johnson & Johnson operating companies are taking steps to evaluate and minimize or eliminate these compounds from their wastewater. Periodic wastewater monitoring has been used to determine likely cyanogeneticity to aquatic organisms, to conduct risk appraisals, and to develop safe levels for vigorous pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) textbibliography-mark .Another way pharmaceutical compounds can reach the environment is through consumer disposal of unused or expired medicines. Johnson & Johnson supports the U. S. White House Office of National Drug Control Policy for the puritanical Disposal of Prescription Pharmaceuticals. This policy suggests a confederacy of take-back programs when they are available, nut case disposal for most medicines, and flushing for some specific pharmaceuticals, such as narcotics textbibliography-mark . For Example Johnson & Johnson is also participating in an educational effort, called SMARTxT Disposal, being led by phRMA, the U. S.Fish & Wildlife Service and the American Pharmacists Association to inform consumers about proper disposal of unused or expired medicines. 2. 9 indoor(prenominal) Environmental Quality Like most Johnson & Johnsons buildings that reach an exemplary level of energy efficiency, the PRI facility features a high efficient midland lighting system in its lab division in La Jolla, California. This buildings efficiency lies on two reasons. Lighting energy use is huge. Lighting is the single largest energy end use in most commercial buildings, accounting for anywhere in between 25 and 50 percent of overall energy use.Through a combination of good design and efficient technology like using T5 lamps and electronic ballasts will result in load reduction of 0. 30 to 0. 50 watts per square foot. Lighting efficiency leads to downstream savings. The ample load reductions that result from efficient lighting lead to reduced cooling loads as well. As a result of reduced cooling and airflow requirements, a series of downstream savings are generated, including smaller ductwork, piping, air-handling units, and chillers.All of these down-stream efficiency gains translate into reduced operating cost, as well as construction cost savings for the smaller systems. The interior lighting system at the PRI facility is designed around high-quality fluorescent sources that are applied to residue efficiency with visual comfort. Other features of the lighting system include occupancy sensors throughout the building and the use of radioactive exit signs that glow without a wired power source textbibliography-mark .Looking at Johnson & Johnsons division in Titusville, New Jersey, an innovative program to reduce air contamination inside the building was implemented that utilizes ultraviolet lights in all air handlers. This system ensures the cleanest air supply possible, while eliminating the need for chemicals to correct air handler condensate. The site has also implemented low environmental impact housekeeping procedures since 2003, including compliance with Green seal cleaning product s tandards textbibliography-mark . *2. 10 Carbon Footprint*Johnson & Johnson has established a CO2 Reduction Capital Funding Process at the Group pay level in 2004. The company targeted at $40 million per year for its energy and GHG reduction projects. Each J&J affiliated divisions apply for funding relief for these projects. The company completed 31 projects by the end of 2007. As of year-end 2008, 51 projects were completed and the company saved 90,044 tons of CO2 annually. J&J budgeted $99 million for the projects and expects an average 16. 3 percent rate of return textbibliography-mark .Johnson & Johnsons headquarters located in New Jersey is located near the train institutionalise with intent to reduce the carbon footprint. The major source for Johnson & Johnsons carbon emissions is their fleets of roughly 36,000 vehicles worldwide. With the goal to improve fuel efficiency per mile by over 30% they have adapted their vehicle buying habits. It now boasts 2,100 hybrid vehicles in their fleet by March, 2008. Despite these measures, the company has not yet seen an overall improvement in distance per distance driven textbibliography-mark .The figure 6 of Appendix-A shows the investments made in lower carbon energy efficiency. *2. 11 Packaging* Johnson & Johnson primarily in the health care products. Since virtually all its products require some type of packaging for justification and preservation, Johnson & Johnson has found significant benefits by reducing packaging materials textbibliography-mark . It began developing its waste reduction program in 1988. Since then, the company has reduced its packaging by 2,750 tons per year, including a reduction in its use of paper by 1,600 tons, plastic by 1,000 tons, metal by 100 tons, and other materials by over 50 tons.Over the first 2 ? years of the program, these reductions saved Johnson & Johnson an estimated $2. 8 million in material costs all textbibliography-mark . So far J&J achieved 93 percent of packaging a nd 83 percent of office paper to contain more than 30 percent PCR or fiber from certified forests textbibliography-mark . The company began its program by comprehensively reviewing its product packaging, looking for ways to cut back on the amount of materials it purchased, as well as the amount of waste associated with the manufacture and use of these products.One measure Johnson & Johnson adopted was to reduce the weight of paper used to package one of its gauze products. Millions of these specific products are sold every year and the company realized that even a small change would make a big difference. The company reduced from 30-pound paper to 28-pound paper, Johnson & Johnson faced dramatic results a reduction in waste of 115 tons of paper, saving $450,000 annually textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) PackagingPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) has long been used in packaging for drugs, medical devices and personalized care products because of its desirable physica l characteristics for protecting product quality, including impermeability to moisture, gas and flavor. But Johnson & Johnson operating companies also understand concerns about the ability to put to sleep of PVC in an environmentally sound manner and the difficulties with recycling PVC. Its consumer license had a goal for 100 percent removal of PVC in primary packaging as well as secondary and tertiary packaging throughout the company.So far J&J has eliminated 84 percent of secondary and tertiary packaging across the company textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 2 J&J Initiatives Johnson & Johnson also has initiated more complex waste prevention initiatives. As one example, the company eliminated an aluminum pouch that ring a plastic layer used to contain Prolene medical sutures. This new procedure was implemented without causing any loss of sterility textbibliography-mark . Band Aid brand adhesives bandages were originally packages in the metal tin box. By converting 50 percent of the total packaging to recycled paperboard, i. e. , 35-percent post-consumer, the company significantly reduced the quantity of packaging material required textbibliography-mark . Acuvue get to lenses were previously packaged in polypropene blisters and polypropylene storage boxes. To reduce polypropylene usage and waste, J&J completely redesigned the blister safekeeping the lenses and their fluid to permit opposing blisters to nest.This change reduced the amount of polypropylene generated as waste during the manufacturing process and the size of the packaging required for the lenses textbibliography-mark Stayfree feminine hygiene product was previously packaged in a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bag topped with a cotton chain and a cuff to carry the drawstring. The bag was redesigned to use a lower gauge LDPE, and the cuff and the drawstring were eliminated textbibliography-mark . 2. 11. 3 Waste ReducedProlene 16,000 pounds of very high grade aluminum foil reduced annually, a 52 percent reduction textbibliography-mark Band Aid brand adhesives bandages 1. 6 million pounds of metal packaging are saved annually textbibliography-mark Acuvue Blisters 264,000 pounds of polypropylene reduced annually, a 33 percent reduction textbibliography-mark Stayfree 440,000 pounds of LDPE and cotton string reduced annually, a 24 percent reduction textbibliography-mark 2. 11. 4 Annual Savings Packaging redesigns for Prolene, Band Aid, Acuvue and Stayfree save Johnson & Johnson over $3. million annually textbibliography-mark . The annual cost savings associated with reduced packaging for each product are indicated below 2. 12 Usage of Chemicals*, *Ingredients/ Materials Johnson & Johnson maintains a list of regulated chemicals. In addition, the company works to anticipate chemicals that are not currently regulated but may be regulated in the future. The corporation has created an emerging issues process, headed by an environmental toxicologist who is part of the worldwide cor porate Environmental Health and Safety group and has the responsibility to evaluate new reports on chemicals.From this review process, the company has created a correspond List of chemicals that have been identified as being of concern by non-government organizations (NGOs) textbibliography-mark . *2. 12. 1 Design tools for evaluating chemicals of concern and figure greener products* chemicals file Johnson & Johnson has developed several tools to assist product designers in eliminating chemicals and materials of concern. The first tool is a Design for Environment software tool. Designers can input a chemical and see whether it is heavily or softly regulated. in that respect is a color-coded scheme which indicates the regulatory level.Red indicates the chemical is illegalise by a government agency somewhere in the world black heart and soul highly regulated or on the Watch List grey indicates the chemical is less regulated yellow indicates nominal regulation and, green indicat es the chemical is not regulated. The goal is to evaluate the product lifecycle and to identify and reduce impacts from raw material selection, use and disposal textbibliography-mark . The consumer segment of Johnson & Johnson convened an Ingredients Issue Task Force that has developed a rating system for greener materials.This group has reviewed every ingredient in Johnson & Johnsons consumer products and has used resources such as the US EPAs PBT profiler and other tools to identify chemical hazards textbibliography-mark . 2. 13 Recycling Johnson & Johnson has a goal to have 90 percent of office paper and 75 percent of paper-based packaging containing more than 30 percent post-consumer recycled (PCR) content or containing fiber from certified forests by the end of 2010 textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson believes that all its employees have an impact on the sustainable results.It has undertaken measures to best utilize the every product in their daily business activities. J& J has increased recycling by 25 percent. J&J has achieved it with the following steps Encourages employees to recycle material using two side copying feature Using a reusable cups for beverages encouraging staff members who purge old files to re-use folders again Recycling paper clips, binder clips, envelopes, cardboards, newspaper, magazines and other similar items. These items are collected from the recycle bins right undermentioned to the employee desks and re-used.Recycles computers, carpets, furniture etc textbibliography-mark 2. 14 Maintenance of Scoreboard In 2009, the corporation has rolled out a scorecard for green products. This scorecard was developed to give designers and marketers a cleaner line of sight in creating new products and goes beyond tools that assess chemical hazards. A product receives points along five dimensions. vii points are needed to be identified as a greener product. The dimensions include materials/ingredients, energy, waste, water, and packagi ng.This process includes a high level life cycle assessment to identify the areas of superior environmental impact textbibliography-mark . *2. 15 Climate Savers Elements *of Fulfillment Strategies Johnson & Johnson identifies and extreme weather event that disrupts business as the greatest climate related risk the firm faces. Each major operation has a business continuity strategy in place and each business segment manufacture its products in more than one location textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson is tracking and publicizing its CO2 reduction goal worldwide to every level of management.The goal is also being included in the companys annual environmental report textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson has joined the following international initiatives The Climate Group (UK) The Climate Registry US EPA Green Power Partnership WWFs Climate Savers WRIs Green Power market Development Group CDPs Supply Chain Leadership coaction and US climate Action Partnership textbibliograp hy-mark The company covering buildings, equipment, management practices, maintenance practices, and operational practices developed a comprehensive set of energy efficiency best practices.Sixty-seven percent of the best practices have been completed worldwide. J&J is participating in the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification program for existing buildings with its world headquarters building serving as a pilot project. A task force has also been developed to create guidelines that will allow the company to throw LEED certification for all new facilities. On-site renewable generation installing of four solar systems for a total of 1193 kW at California, New Jersey and Pennsylvania facilities.International on-site generation includes a solar hot water system at J&J brazil nut providing 20,240 kWh/yr. of hot water and a solar hot water system at Janssen-Cilag, Portugal providing 8400 kWh/yr. of hot water. Purchasing of Renewable Energy All Texas operations 15 percent wind power, 10. 6 Million kWh/year. Cordis, Netherlands 10 percent wind power, 1. 1 Million kWh/year. Centocor, Netherlands 100 percent wind power, 12 Million kWh/year. An annual energy week is conducted worldwide to improve employee awareness. The ascendent last year was You Have the Power to Save Energy for a Brighter Future. Activities to increase awareness include conferences in different regions and an active energy Web site, which includes a renewable site and graphics depicting CO2 reduction levels textbibliography-mark . Johnson & Johnson conduct environmental campaigns every year and every facility created a five-year education plan to educate employees about climate change, sustainable forestry etc textbibliography-mark . 2. 16 Johnson & Johnsons Green Chemistry Initiatives Johnson & Johnsons pharmaceutical segment participates in the Pharmaceutical Green Chemistry round-table conference and is investing in green chemistry approaches.Because of the high costs of drug development, an investment in a green chemistry approach more frequently than not does not occur until a new drug has been approved. Johnson & Johnson entered the US EPAs Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Program in 2008 for its work to scale up a pharmaceutical ingredient called Darunavir, a new protease inhibitor. The goal of the project was to reduce health, safety and environmental impacts in manufacturing and to reduce sots.This approach resulted in reduced solvent usage, enthalpy gas formation was eliminated, and methylene chloride was replaced with a more benign solvent. This increased the yield of the drug by 40% and reduced manufacturing costs by 81%. The company eliminated 96 tons of methylene chloride, reduced heat content gas by 4800 cubic meters and reduced raw materials hazardous waste by 46 tons textbibliography-mark . Green Suggestions and Recommendations I believe Johnson & Johnson needs to step up instead of waiting for the clients to take th e further lead on sustainability.The company should always make wise material choices and to make sure its best utilizing the environmentally friendly materials before it undertakes any new project by posing some questions like Is the project designed to minimize waste? stop it be smaller, lighter, or made from fewer materials? Does it use renewable resources? Is reuse practical and encouraged? atomic number 18 the products and packaging refillable, recyclable, or repairable? Is it made with post-consumer recycled or reclaimed materials? How much? be the materials available in a less toxic form? Can it be made with less toxic materials?Are materials available from a socially and environmentally responsible company? Is it made locally? There are some small gestures which are worth doing to create a sustainable environment. The daily used printing ink must be environmentally friendly It must reduce emissions, create less toxic waste, use a renewable resource, be easily de-inked, pr oduce less hazardous sludge, and be more biodegradable than conventional ink. Design decisions like reducing the number of colors used to print a job is better on the environment as well as saves the companys budget.Recycled content is just one of the ways defined to make a good paper. When choosing papers, company should look beyond recycled content and consider recyclability, raw materials, and how the paper is bleached and manufactured. Packing and shipping are also important to think about. Instead of simply accepting the suggested size for a printed piece, company should consider what size will result in the to the lowest degree waste on press. Instead of specking on an easy-to-find, standard material that happens to release VOCs (volatile organic compounds), progressive material choices must be made as part of the initial presentation.Johnson & Johnson should start conducting some recycling programs and should let its consumers know about it through advertisements. The recycl e programs are designed in such a way that consumers are encouraged to buy more and more environmental friendly products like plastics that are easily recyclable, boxes or products that are packaged in paper materials certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or made from post-consumer waste. This recycling program should make the consumers to return the empty packages and receive discounts or free products in return.Conclusion All modern buildings are constructed under a number of particularly stringent environmental constraints. These buildings use much less energy and are easy to maintain. The buildings success depended on a combination of J design philosophy which is reflected in the companys New Facilities Design Criteria, careful mannequin of building systems to envision how each works on its own and what its impact is on the others, and a steadfast vision of the need to produce a robust structure that will function well for many decades. virtual(a) cost benefits met hods were applied to every system in the buildings.Most often focused on the importance of reliability and smooth operation over the long term. For example Both of the two large chillers in New Jersey and La Jolla, California had VSDs installed to facilitate maintenance and provide flexibility with controls, though cost/benefit analysis did not support this decision. A condensate recycling system was installed in spite of showing a 15-year payback because J wants to be a good corporate citizen. Using reclaimed water provided cost savings, improved environmental performance, and also reduces the chances of future water crisis.One hundred percent completion of best practices does not guarantee Johnson & Johnson with a cost effective and energy efficient design. Firstly, it is important to setup ambitious goals to provide a compass for an organization. Johnson & Johnson Healthy planet 2010 goal that all operating companies have a plan to improve their product and process environmental profiles and eliminate high priority chemicals is a useful way to encourage improvements and track progress in a highly decentralized organization.Secondly, green design tools are important in implementing these goals. Johnson & Johnson has developed a number of worthful tools to help in designing greener products including a design for environment tool and a rating system for greener ingredients. Thirdly, it is necessary to maintain a scoreboard to measure greener products in an additional means of clarifying and implementing these board goals. Johnson & Johnson has developed a scoreboard for greener products with 5 dimensions materials/ingredients, energy, waste, water, and packaging.Fourthly, betrothal is a valuable opportunity for information exchange. The companys active participation in Product Sustainability Roundtable, a cross sector initiative, has been a valuable way to share information on improving product sustainability. Bibliography Appendix -A Figure 1 draw pattern F igure 2 drawframe Figure 3 drawframe Figure 4 drawframe Figure 5 drawframe Figure 6 drawframe Figure 7 drawframe Appendix B drawframe drawframe

Cancer Can Be Avoided

Being one of the perennial prevailing diseases without a cure, masscer has claimed the lives of many people not lone(prenominal) in the South Pacific but the world and has left many families destitute and traumatized. genus Cancer with its variety and names depending on the argona of the soundbox affected has led to an unpredictable increase in number of deaths in a societys census affect the population by the bulk each year. This essay forget argue that genus Cancer can be avoided and intends to list and describe ways in which it can be reduced to a minimum. The essay will unfold in twain parts. Firstly it will elaborate on the causes of crabmeat.Then it will shortly state solutions to help combat crabby person. Cancer is the result of abnormal cellphone growth and is caused when a normal body cell does not shape properly. The cell grows and divides uncontrollably without dying out finally becoming crabby personous and a tumor results and symptoms vary depending on where the cancer is situated in the body. However, the cell does not become dysfunctional on purpose quite they are the result of many unhealthy choices made by individuals, therefore the intentions in the first part of this essay is to briefly give particular explanation on causes of cancer.To begin with, research has shown that there are substances which are directly related to cancer. Substances known as political machinecinogens are open to resurrect the cells typical function and investigations stupefy found that exposure to these substances induce chances of get cancer. These substances include Tobacco, asbestos, arsenic, radiation such as gamma and x-rays, the sun, and compounds in car exhaust fumes (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 2). In asset, carcinogens are practically found everywhere from cosmetics to everyday useable items, these toxins are essentially ubiquitous whence intensifying chances of getting cancer.However, there are those individuals with deleteriou s habits such as smoking and over consume alcohol, their choices evidently lead to cancer and lastly impact their families. Further more(prenominal), it has been proven that age is directly proportional to cancer. Older individuals are more susceptible to cancer compared to younger individuals in a society. consequently age is live when considering factors for the prevalence of cancer. As we age, there is an increase in the number of cancer causing mutations in our DNA.This makes age an important essay factor for cancer. (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 2). Viruses as well as play a role in causing cancer. Cancer caused by viruses is common in Pacific Island nations and the direct result of this problem is an increase in mortality rate and a decrease in life expectancy amongst pacific societies. According to Mr. Joe Tooma, school principal Executive Officer of the Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation, in the Solomon Islands, cervical cancer is the number one cancer killer of wo man.. roughly all cervical cancer has been shown to be caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) Several other viruses such as HIV, Epstein-Barr virus which causes cancer common amongst children and hepatitis B and C which results in lung cancer have been place to have an association with cancer. These viruses suppresses or weakens the immune system- inhibits the bodys talent to fight infections and increases chances of developing cancer (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 2).In addition to this fact, fit in to Mr. Tooma it is predicted that four out of five people all around the world will be exposed to HPV in their lifetime. This is a very appal figure and if society is not aware, the prediction may become reality. Although cancer is a possible threat to human existence, there are duty tour measures that can be followed to reduce the problem. These measures include a healthy nutriment and lifestyle, good habits, ceaseless checkups to clinics and vaccination.Firstly, a healthy d iet and lifestyle is vital and should be considered in an attempt to avoid cancer. A balanced repast with the right nutritional value will do more than dear keep an individual fit, it will also reduce chances of getting cancer since what we eat has been linked to the disease (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 3). Maintaining a garden is recommended as it does not only provide fresh healthy meals but at the same time it keeps an individual fit due to physical efforts vest into looking after the garden.Older individuals should keep to a daily second that involves exercise for at least thirty minutes, as they are more susceptible to cancer. However, having a garden will not be practicable for some families especially for those in urban areas who are only jailed to the walls of their house or face restrictions due to tenancy policy. But, innovations such as flower pots and possibly an agreement with landlords can help solve this issue. Secondly, ridding of bad habits such as smoking and over consumption of alcohol will considerably lower the possibility of developing cancer.Studies show that choosing not to so-and-so tobacco or drink alcohol significantly lowers the risks of several types of cancer- approximately notably lung, throat, mouth and liver cancer. (Medical News Today, 2012, p. 3). Finally, regular checkups and vaccination is a necessary tool in avoiding and curing cancer. Victims have an opportunity to come upon remission through the use of service such as pap smear tests, mammograms and testicular self-examinations. research has proven that by finding cancer early at stage 1 or 2, there is a 90 percent survival rate.However, finding cancer late at stages 3 or 4 drops the survival rate to 10-20 percent. (Fiji Cancer Society, 2007, p. 1). Purchasing of instruments to help aid in identifying damaged cells can also be a way for organization to reduce cancer rates. Instruments care colonoscope would be obliging as it would assist in the early sensin g and treatment of bowel and intestinal cancers. (Vanuatu Daily Post Newspaper, 2012, p. 1). In addition to this fact, introductions of vaccines such as the anti-cervical cancer vaccine to combat against the HPV virus that causes cervical cancer in women.There are also vaccines present that obstruct viruses such as the hepatitis B or C virus from affecting its host. However, there are cases where it is difficult to give effective treatment or the cancer cannot be cured due to genetic predisposition in DNA that is inherited from parents. But that is the whole point of having a regular check up, in order to minimize damages the cancer has make to the body and through government aids, individuals with inherited genetic predisposition n their DNA could be helped by making access to medical services convenient to them. It is evident that cancer cannot be fully eradicated however blockading measures can be taken to reduce the chances of developing cancer. The preceding measures verbal ize in the contents of this essay can only be execute when individuals are cautious of their choices and are aware of the impact their decisions will have on society, their family and most importantly themselves.

“Only the Lover Sings” by Josef Pieper Essay

Thoughts about Music symphony prompts the philosophers go on interest because it is by disposition so close to the fundamentals of homosexual existence (Pieper 39). In the section, Thoughts about Music, from Josef Piepers Only the Lover Sings subterfuge and Contemplation, discusses unison and the intriguing wonder, What do we perceive when we attend to medicine? (40).Pieper answers this question by quoting Schopenhauer, who shouted medicament, does not speak of things but tells of weal and woe (42). This makes genius because it relates to mans good, and our yearning for perfect happiness. When listening to unison certain emotions surface, as Plato stated, Music imitates the impulses of the soul (Pieper 45). Thus, to truly understand what we perceive when we listen to music, one must understand what is being expressed, and not simply listen. For many, music can be an out of body experience, something that truly reveals man and his sum in life. Some may argue that music i s simply a means of personal enchantment, of escapism (Pieper 50). How one views and interprets music truly reveals ones character, because, music lays bare mans inner existential condition, (Pieper 50).In addition, Pieper continues to answer the question of what we perceive when we listen to music, by quoting other philosophers and the ideas of Western philosophical traditions. To repeat thus has the nature of music variously been unsounded in the Western philosophical tradition- as nonverbal articulation of weal and woe as wordless flavour of mans intrinsic dynamism of self-realization, a process understood as mans journey toward ethical personhood, as the presentment of mans will in all aspects, as love.This, for instance, is the meaning of Platos statement that music imitates the impulses of the soul, or as Aristotle puts it music is similar to ethics and related to it. The same tradition continues in remarks by Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche when they say that music invariably is the expression of an immediacy as no interfering medium is involved or (Schopenhauer) that of all the arts it is music that represents the will itself or (Nietzsche in his interpretation of Wagner) that music lets us ascertain nature transformed into love (Pieper 44-45).The philosophy of music is something that can be interpreted differently by all. Pieper uses sufficient evidence to support the claim that music does in fact play an important role in mans true character and how he views his life, and ultimately his existence. roleOnly the Lover Sings Art and Contemplation by Josef Pieper

Changes in Children- Birth Essay

Before six months the briny reason why a babes emotion and aroused materialization is contrastive is out-of-pocket to the point non being fully mylinated. As the child hop ons past the graduation exercise month, their frontal cortex begins to advance as increasing neurological breeding is starting and beginning to modify and trans take shape the operations of the in-built worked up tones (Wilson, 2003, p. 55). Suffering, pain, joy, revere and interest ar among the first emotions that an infant express. These principal(a) emotions ar primal as this is a childs first vogue of show and communicating with adults their impoverishments.It is for the reason of communication we must look at our primary emotions as a human survival mechanism, as these atomic number 18 unbidden and in- built features each(prenominal) children be born with (Wilson, 2003, p. 55). All primary emotions ar all expressed in the same manner, which raises the question as to whether emotions arg on all universal that emotions are genetic, or that all cultures share usual background features. There are 2 main theories on aroused outgrowth discrete emotions speculation and a structural approach (Wilson, 2003, p. 48). Izard, Tomkins, Ekman are the leaders of discrete emotions theory.These theorists proclaimed that emotion had 3 components physiological, behavioural and subjective. These emotions where extradite f read-only storage birth and could be seen by studying facial expressions of infants. The takes and information these theorists where gaining agree with Darwin that these expressions where the same in all culture and must be an in-built unquiet feature. As humans shape up our primary emotions network with cognition and form cognitive affected structures, this is how tributary emotions are developed discrete emotions theory (Wilson, 2003, p. 49).This theory lowlife be applied to my own family, as tardily there was a sudden death of my aunt, as a aftermath we ha d family members calling from different parts of Australia and the world calling to offer their condolences and rear to our family. This defendion to a death of a family member is universal. The structural growing approach sees emergence as holistic. This approach states that all systems act with each other and the environment with emphasis on the fond environment. The environment play a large factor in the emergence of children, but theorists can non deny genetic is also a large contributor.Sroufe a theorist states that all emotions have antecedent. In Sroufes theory in the first 6 months of an infants life emotional ancestor can also be physiological states and not recognised as emotions, and that secondary emotions build from there (Wilson, 2003, p. 50). By the age of two, a bambinos psyche contains to a greater extent neurons than an adult and has twice the amount of connections mingled with these cells. It has been linked that that as a toddlers brain contains much neurons that they need much rest then adults for their brains to wreak fully.During this time more neurons die and more connections are pruned throughout brain in the first three historic occlusion of life than other format of life. The leading element of the development of expressions of emotion in the childs environment is the carer and the care the child receives. Emotional deprivation occurs when children who are not had consistent warm emotional relationships as a two- grade-old child, this leads to their secondary emotions being weak. Children who have suffered from emotional deprivation are targets for exploitation and paedophiles as they have affection hunger (Wilson, 2012 slide, 8)A child in the toddlerhood has to boot reached a point where they have developed a sense of self. The pus of the frontal lobes and the limbic circuit in the brain is the cause for the development of a toddler achieving a sense of self. As a result of the toddlers sense of self they are abl e to show empathy and can affectively say and label their emotions to their looks and adults. This allows a child to say I am delirious or sad instead of crying and having a tantrum, although toddlers still react in this manner they can communicate there emotions more in effect (Emotional development, 2006,. ara 7). From two to six years of age is early childhood. It is at this stage in a childs life they have developed motor skills that enable them to become more self-sufficient and self-controlled. Children are creating friendships and being more engrossed in playtime such(prenominal) as painting pictures which creates symbolic expression. There is an increasing need for the carer to engage with the toddler by conversing and meeting the childs mixer, cognitive and emotional needs, their perspectives, and interests.The childs ability to tell stories is a bearing of collar their perspectives ( consultation young childrens voices, nd, p. 19). Through a greater understanding of the world around them a child develop and understanding that the world didnt revolve around them and that nothing was as dewy-eyed as they one thought it was. During the age of 2-6 most children attend preschool, which gives young children a great understand about uncover rules. By aid preschool it gives young children an understanding about how to express their emotions in an appropriate way in all contexts of life ranging from family, school and society.Toddlers may charter how to befittingly express their emotions but influences from their family still have a great tinct on their expression. The preschool is a system, with rules, boundaries, and expectations. It is important for children to know where they stand and by placing them in a system such as preschool whilst they are developing their emotional expression allows them to shine. For children in good environments the control of emotional expression accelerates from 3 to 5 years (Wilson, 2003, p132).From the age of s ix to eight children become cognisant of the difference between expressing emotion and odoring it. This affectively allows the child to manage their emotional expression by reflecting on their emotions this is an emotional coping skill children learn in order to avoid negative attention or experiences such as bullying. Although, school age children are becoming more unfastened to the wider world new challenges are arising such as, fears of failing or unequal academic result in school as many children are put under presser from parents to achieve high grades (Berk, 2009, p. 410).When the child reaches ten years of age their expression of emotions is likely to have significantly enhanced. At this age most children have developed a set of techniques for controlling their expressions of emotion. worldwide strategies are problem centred coping, they are able to identify the challenge, asses and solve issues that may arise. If problem solving is not successful the child may receive emotion-centred coping that is private and internal (Berk, 2009, p. 410). An external influence has also been heightened during this period such communicating with their peers on how to deal with the situation.Children at this age are able to justify circumstances and actions or reconstruct scenarios to make them seem less upsetting emotionally (Emotional development, 2006,. para. 11). By age eleven, the child has began to integrate inside standards of excellence and good behaviour with self-conscious emotions their internal strategies are starting to be utilised for self-regulating, and a shimmy from problem centred and emotion centred coping has taken place and there social etiquette of expressing emotions has improved (Berk, 2009, p. 416). In girlishs emotions are still forming. Most children reach adolescence rom eleven to twenty years. During this time an adolescent is trying to create blank space from their family and form their independence. Peer pressure may appear to b e irresistible regardless of the adolescences inner feelings, as it full fills their need for adoption and desire to fit it. Emotional expression and even the adolescences inner feelings may alter on the way they react to certain stimuli or events, when in the context of groups, this can be seen in how a adolescent reacts on a school excursion to how they react out with their peers on the weekend at a movie theatre. Wilson, 2003, p. 176-77). Young adolescences endure peer group contexts where their expression of emotion is displayed in the environment of peer norms. distributively child is an individual as they have been brought up in different backgrounds. In turn their fundamental feelings have been restricted although they have acquired the display associated with emotion. In example some adolescences may display in see red in what they have seen of anger, with the increase in aggression used boob tube shows and in movies adds to the range of anger an adolescent cane use (Wi lson, 2003, pp176-77).In certain circumstances some adolescences exhibition emotions that they may not feel or more emotions than felt, this is present in children of younger age groups but, is more dominant in adolescences. Adolescence is known as a period of squeeze and stress. Social, cognitive and environmental factors are a large contribution of how the adolescences expression of emotion will inevitably mature. During adolescence the social problems become more multiplex and they chose to talk to their peers to offer help to overcome this situation (Emotional development, 2006,. para. 12).Children who have been deprived have complex expressions of emotions, and on top of the fight with complicated emotions that arise during adolescents puts these children at greater strain. Adolescents concord to Piaget are self- focusing. Piaget cogitated that during adolescence a new form of egocentrism formed as adolescents could not separate the difference between their thoughts and oth ers thoughts. There were 2 main ways this could be explained, through self-audience and personal fable. Self -audience is when an adolescent believes they are the emphasis of everyones attention.It is through self-audience that adolescents may feel extremely self-conscious and aware of themselves. Self fable is when an adolescent feels that people are evermore giving them attention and watching them, this is similar to what a toddler may think but by this stage an adolescent should know that they can not always be the centre of attention. When an adolescent is not receiving they believe is due it leads to them being upset and moody. (Berk, 2009, p. 252) As human beings everyone develops their emotion expression at various time of their life.As we age and mature so do our emotions and expressions, how an infant reacts to a range of emotions compared to a 20 year old will be absolutely different, this may be due to the culture they have been brought up in or they have versed display rules. As seen throughout this essay emotional development does not occur in isolation but in some high-flown circumstances it does, there are many cognitive, neurological and behavioural influences interact with emotional, social and cultural influences. References Berk, L. (2009). Child development (8th ed. Person International stochastic variable Colman,A. (2009), Oxford Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford Oxford University Press Emotional development . (2006). Retrieved from http//www. education. com/reference/article/emotional-development/ Hearing young childrens voices, (n. d). Retrieved from http//www. children. act. gov. au/documents/PDF/under5report. pdf Wilson, L. (2003), The Emotional Life of Children. National library of Australia Charles Sturt University. Wilson, L. (2012). Lecture3 dependence needs of children PowerPoint slides. Retrieved from in class on the 17/07/2012

Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy Essay

black lovage the spaciousIntroduction Fighting has been an needed p cunning of human history since humans evolved. Regardless of the aim, no involution can be made without a good leader. In history, among the beat out military leaders was horse parsley the swell. He was born in Pella, twentieth July 356BC. As a young person, horse parsley was a strong and bodacious boy and brought up as a warrior (Farmer, 216). Alexander fought for twelve age in the Pearsian Gulf, Egypt and in the Middle East whereby his conquests left a legacy that had a positive and lasting impacts in the way of life of the peoples. in any case his conquests, Alexander inherited his fatherskingdom of Macedonia at the age of twenty years, fitting nonpareil of the youngest king ever to be in the manhood. He pinched some wars because of his ability to inspire, lead and motivate his armies. His intention was on constructing a united kingdom, which was not easy during his time, but he succeeded in edi fice a united kingdom. It is for this reason that the development of ancient Macedonia is associated with Alexander the Great because he built cities along the trade routes through the wealth he obtained from the Persian treasury, whereby the economic system remained unchanged manger the industrial revolution. being a huge leader, his legacy is nonoperational remembered for his ability to conquer many empires. He started his fomenting campaign with 37000 men, of which 5000 were calvary. He used this army to fight his first war against the Persian Empire, which almost cost his life. After taking this war, he was able to control half of western Asia. Afterward, he also attacked Syria, Palestine and Egypt and conquered them and acquired the title of Pharaoh of Egypt. He was such a strong leader in the world history who never turned back against his enemies. His conquests still remain in the world history as the most successful leader in fighting and winning wars. Moreover, regar dless of his motives, ideas or views, Alexander enabled the extension of the classical ideas and language to the non-Greek world of Asia. His destruction of the Persian created chances for Greek authorities, intellectuals, soldiers, engineers, merchants and his successors participate in the new political unity grounded on the prescript of the monarch. His successors utilized force to introduce military monarchies, which dominated the classical monarchies world subsequently his death. Furthermore, Autocratic authority became a regular characteristic of the Hellenistic monarchies, which was a section of Alexanders political legacy (Heckel, 89). Nevertheless, it is sluttish that the Romans were inspired by Alexanders vision because they were the real inheritors of his legacy. not only did Alexander left a political legacy, but a cultural legacy that ended up in the Greek Language, architecture, literature and art that spreads into other regions of Asia. Moreover, the new cities t hat were created by Alexander becamethe spring dining table for the spread of the Greek culture. His legacy built the clash and fusion of different cultures that formed the basic features of the Hellenistic world. As a king, Alexander turn out his leadership qualities through obtaining massive empires and leaving behind a legacy that had a lasting impact in future evolutions. Though his empires disintegrated after his death, he had already built a multi-cultural empire, which would ultimately have a significant effect on the Roman civilization. Besides, from the period of antiquity till to the present, he is demonstrated as a military genius. His achievements in the art of war are still shocking. Peoples such as Napoleon, Caesar, and Hannibal studied astir(predicate) Alexander military approaches and acknowledged that without the knowledge they acquired from Alexander, they would have not been undetermined of achieving what they did (Shecter, 410). It is dispatch that his achi evement was a base for others to follow his footsteps. His armies usually counted on him to lead them in times of battle and he never failed them. As a matter of fact, he had a unique character whereby when he usually arrived before his enemies anticipated. In conclusion, Alexander the Great was a great leader and still one of the most bewildering great figures in history. just about of the historical figures do not stand out in akin level as Alexander. He was a warrior at the age of sixteen, a commander in chief at the age of eighteen and a king at the age of twenty. He solely handily altered the ancient world in just over a ecstasy and looking at his childhood in the acquiring of the throne, conquests, marriage and death, it is clear that as the name great suggest, Alexander the Great was and is still one of the greatest historical and political figures of the world. Moreover, as a leader, he showed eccentric resourcefulness both in the combination of using distinct fortify and acclimating a tactic to meet the problems of his powerful and strong adversaries. Besides, though he had a short time in authority, he marks an measurable period in world history.ReferencesFarmer, Henry George. The Horn of Alexander the Great . Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 500-03. Print.Heckel, Waldemar. Alexander the Great The Invisible Enemy. Canadian Journal of History 1 Aug. 1993. Print.Shecter, Vicky Alvear. Alexander the Great Rocks the World. Plain City, OH Darby Creek Pub., 2006. Print.Source document

Cell Phone Abuse

Cell band Abuse At the present day, with the development of IT and information industry, prison cell address gradually plays an indispens adequate to(p) role in our daily livelihood. N anetheless, for the benefit of our concentration, wellness and social interaction around us, more attention should be nonrecreational to negative impact on the overuse of cell ph champion. According to a study of two hundred students at Sanford University revealed that 34 percentage rated themselves as addicted to their phones, while 32 percent worried they someday would be addicted.As a matter of fact, a vast majority of people persist from the kindred problems. It is not uncommon that when they get ready for the day, their cell phones go with them every(prenominal)where. Despite the convenience and efficiency cell phones bring them, they fail to spot into score the fact that too oft addition to phones contributes directly to be unable to concentrate well on daily affairs. For instance, on account of depending on constant contact and instant information, when even having classes, a colossal many students bearnot help checking the message or email on phones surreptitiously.Furthermore, when works, driving, proficient hanging out with friends or doing whatever, to be honest, we are bound to be extremely attached to our phones with enjoying the pleasurable feelings from the act of school texting or receiving messages. When it comes to my relationship with cell phone, exaggeratingly speaking, it seems that if I am not called, texted, or commented on my blog, my soul exit be lost hence, it prevents me from focusing on doing my assignments or having a tidy sleep. Apparently, excessively obsessed with cell phone distract us from noticing what primal happen around us and getting things well done.Admit it, no one can deny the basic fact that cell phone not only provides us with a huge amount of information and non-homogeneous of applications, but also enables us to con tact our friends and family immediately and conveniently. However, we tend to embody under the illusion that cell phone can get us more associated with the people and the community nearby, without awareness of the hidden fact that it has crept into every aspect of daily life, ironically weakening the basic human communication.For one thing, with the increase of cell phone use, lawsuit-to-face conversations in relationships are unwittingly unpopular with most of us instead, we prefer to convey our affections by text messaging and cell phone conversations. It is showed by a Verizon Wireless vignette that for the Augusta area there are close to 50 percent of its customers send and receive more than 100 text messages a week. Moreover, turn over Pukis, an associate professor of communication at Augusta State University, says that texting may affect the way we interact with each some other.Actually, as we all know, sometimes when we send the smile expressions in the messages, it i s not exactly what we do on our faces. Worse still, in order to save time or conscionable feel cool, we usually brief the words such as refilling are with r, which may comprises us run the risk of losing the major power to communicate completely and intelligently. On the other hand, spending too much time on calling up or texting the friends we already knew decreases the take on of developing friendships with strangers, cutting off new conversations and potential friends in the public.As a consequence, without doubt, cell phone builds a wall between the community and us, exerting a detrimental influence on our social interaction. But at the same time, cell phone benefits us a lot, too. On the one hand, mobiles make it convenient for people to keep in touch with each other at anytime anywhere. With phones in hand, even though being abroad, we still can immediately share our daily life with friends by uploading images on face book. In this way, friends will feel closer to us and be able to express their affections to us as they like.In the abundant sunshine of friends and our family through the phones, our life will be more colorful and powerful. Additionally, under the pressure of working or studying, one of the ideal ways to relax and refresh ourselves is to do some recreation. For example, we can release the stress and adjust the mood by playing some funny games and listening to music, which help us devote a better state to continue our next tasks. Therefore, to some degree, shiny phones increasingly play a significant role in our life.

Criticism of the Church in the Canterbury Tales Essay

The Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, was write in Middle English at the end of the 14th nose pottydy (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011). It is considered to be the best work of literature in English in the Middle Ages (Johnston, 1998). Chaucer uses literary devices as no one had ever done. In addition, he chose to use English kind of of Latin. This masterpiece is structured in a similar way as Bocaccios Decameron. The tales ar unionized within a frame narrative (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011) explained in the General Prologue by the narrator a group of pilgrims that argon red ink to visit St.doubting Thomas Becket in Canterburys Cathedral.These pilgrims are from different estates of the medieval society nobility, the perform and peasantry (The Norton Anthology, 1993 76). through with(predicate) the characters, Chaucer reveals some aspects of the society he lived in. In new(prenominal) words, instead of creating typical role models, the characters are exaggerated individuals real different from the first idea. The author uses hyperbolic characters and irony to create humour and criticism. For example, the knight is non the typical medieval soldier the lector would expect. He avoids conflict existence a very ro worldly concerntic person.In a similar way, the characters that are part of the Church are also very peculiar. At the cartridge holder when Chaucer wrote this poem, the Catholic Church was very powerful and rich. The clergy enjoyed great fortunes and a broad(prenominal) quality of life compared with the peasantry who was starving and dying. In this essay, Im going to deal with the criticism towards the Catholic Church analysing the ironic portrays of the abbess, the Monk, the beggar and the pardoner. Chaucer begins pen about the hypocrisy of the church in the General Prologue when the mother superior is introduced.The Prioress is a nun with very good manners (e. g. she wipes her lips before drinking, lines 1 33-134) that behaves as if she were a lady of the court (e. g. she speaks French but with a very bad accent, lines 124-125). The Prioress is also very romantic as we target see in her brooch and her motto Amor vincit omnia -Love conquest whatever- (Dr. Melillo, 1996). She is also very kind and sensitive. For instance, she cries when a mouse falls in a trap and feeds her dogs meat so they do non starve. This doubling of nice person contrasts with the reality of the time.If her words and actions are analyzed, the earshot tolerate understand that this was not the typical behavior of a nun. She is more worried about her pets than the commoners who actually did starve and rarely ate meat. The narrator is portraiture her as a very naive person in a very nice tone that hides the irony. Nevertheless, the audience was aware that she is not fulfilling the come in of the Church take care of tribe (The Norton Anthology, 199376). The Monk is the following pilgrim expound in the Gener al Prologue. According to his description he is very elicit in hunting and in horses (line 166).A monk should not be riding and hunting but obeying, praying, copying and studying. In addition, the Monk is in full aware that his order does not allow these practices and he admits that he does not follow the rules of his order (Jokinen, 2010) (lines 174-175). When the portrait of the Monk finishes in the General Prologue, the man described is bald, fat and well-dressed. Any person in that time that comprehend this description would immediately think about a lord not a monk. Although the narrator likes the life style of the Monk and his description is not very acid, we can see how Chaucer is criticizing some monks lives.Monks are supposed to be obedient and to embrace vow of poverty not to reject rules and live the life they want. After analyzing two characters against who the narrator does not show great rejection, I am going to analyze the friar and the Pardoner who the narrator de scribes in a very ironic and vitriolic tone. A friar is a roaming priest that begs for living whose goal is to champion beggars and lepers selflessly. On the contrary, this friar really detests this kind of action because he does not get any benefice from it (lines 242-247). He likes to enjoy life and pleasures.He shows that he is not like a normal friar implying that he is above (lines 210-211) like an aristocrat (Knapp, 1999). In this sense, he acts like the Prioress does, pretending not to be who he really is, a beggar. The reader also knows that he accepts bribes and gives easy penance for extra boons so he can live better. He justifies his conduct explaining that giving money is a sign of repentance. Nevertheless, the Friar, as the Monk, is supposed to have done the vow of poverty. Contradicting any preconceived ideas the reader may have about friars, he has a good quality life thanks to keeping the money he should give his order nd receiving extra incomes.In the description of the character, the audience understood how Chaucer is condemning the abuses of the Church by creating a person who does not follow any of the prototypical characteristics of a good Christian friar. Finally, I am going to explain in detail the character of the Pardoner. The Pardoner resembles the Friar in the fact that both get money from race (with a religious reason behind) for a living and keep it for themselves. However, at that place are some differences the Pardoner is not part of an order whereas the Friar is and he does not believe in what he does either charm the Friar justifies it.The Pardoner is considered the most hypocrite character of all because he embodies all the sins he preaches against. He sells papal indulgences in exchange of donation that he keeps for himself showing avarice (lines 389-391). In addition, he admits that he does not feel guilty and that the relics he sells are a fraud. Furthermore, he tells the other pilgrims his tricks implying that he lie s and manipulates people to get money. Ironically, after he has admitted that he is a liar, the Pardoner gives a kind of sermon against gluttony, drunkenness, gambling and swearing.Moreover, his tale can be considered an exemplum (Patterson, 1976) that warns against avarice and drunkenness. He gives an instance of the kind of person he is when he tries to sell one of his relics to the Host even when he has already told them they are forged and useless. Apart from being described as, what we would call now, a con artist and a sinful person, there are allusions to his full term of homosexual and eunuch (Jokinen, 1998). All these characteristics make him appear in the margins of society. As I said before, this character is the one that better re put forwards the hypocrisy that Chaucer shows in this work.As I said, he represents all the sins he preaches against he drinks (his finishes his drink before stating the tale) he lies (about his relics, line 394), and he is greedy (he keeps th e money, line 409). Through this character, the author shows a very sinful and corrupt church forward from their goal. To conclude, Chaucer shows a very hypocrite and selfish members of the Church in The Canterbury Tales. In the 14th century, the Catholic Church was very influential and religion was present in everyday life. The purpose of the Church was supposed to be the sympathize with of the people.Nonetheless, the characters in this poem do not worry about anything else that themselves and their actions are directed always to their own benefit. Through their words and actions described ironically by the narrator, the characters reflect their sins and their corruption and by extension, the sins and corruption of the Church. It can be concluded that in The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer makes a social criticism showing the dishonesty of the Church. However, it should be pointed out that the characters are an exaggerated version of the original people because the main aim of this wo rk is to be enjoyable for the audience.

Philosophy: Meaning of Life and Worthwhile Life Essay

In this paper I will be discussing Tolstoy and Sartre spots on the gist of breeding by comparing and contrasting Tolstoys objectivism and transcendentalism and Sartres subjectivism and existentialism. I will later conclude why it is that Sartres view resonates more within myself. Tolstoys view on transcendentalism states that the plainly route for you to live a worthy disembodied spirit is if you follow theologys computer program, for following Gods plan is the only way to maintain the two ingredients immortality and an external significance for person lives, which Tolstoy believes are essential for obtaining a worthwhile sprightliness.According to Tolstoy, Gods plan gives things purpose and the value they have and that they are good in virtue of playing a role in the plan. However, Sartre contradicts Tolstoys view of transcendentalism with his position on existentialism, the complete opposite of transcendentalism. Existentialism says that charitable beings were non desig ned with a purpose in mind the only way for humanitys to have purpose in their life story is if they deal one to themselves. Sartre goes on to say that each individual is in fritter away of projecting his or her receive self, there is no plan nor a large picture.Sartre also argues that there is no such thing as human nature, and since God does not exist, human beings must be in smasher of themselves when deciding what is right and wrong and how they should live their life. From existentialism, Sartre concluded through subjectivism that there is no correct way to live life. It is up to the individual to invent their own life and the standards they will use to assess it. We are expel in the sense that we must create our own personal values. Sartre goes on to state that we are born nobody and that it is our actions that start to create the meaning in our lives.Sartre believes that there is no external meaning outside of life. there is no god. There is no path for us to follo w. Again, this is the opposing thought of Tolstoy, which he argues through objectivism. Objectivism is the view that for a life to be considered worthwhile there must be a given set of features defend in our life. Although, we play no role in deciding what incisively it is that constitutes as a worthwhile life and that we have no confine over the matter. Essentially, there is a correct way to live life, and it is practicable that you can be living your life wrong.With myself being an atheist, Sartres views on the meaning of life resonates more within myself. Perhaps I am too young and too naive to believe that God does not exist, but in the eighteen years I have lived, I can honestly say that I have no intellect to believe in God or any other high power. This became very clear for me at a young age when I lost a very close friend in railroad car accident. I could never understand that if God has a plan for everyone and everything that he would create so frequently pain and suffering.How is it possible that such horrible things happen to such good people? wherefore would God designedly give parents the burden of burying their own child, at such a young age with such a bright and promising incoming? And then for people to justify pain and suffering by plain stating that everything happens for a reason or God needed his angel cover version as if it makes it all okay. The pain and suffering goes far beyond my own life and experiences. Why was it Gods plan to have third world countries without feed or water or to have six million Jews killed during the final solution?I could never come to understand the reasoning behind that. So why spend your whole life in fear of God trying to please a higher power that has created so much evil in the world. Instead, I believe that you should live life freely, the way you want to live. You shouldnt live in fear of God and that in the end there should be no ultimate goal of promised land or fear of hell. Why shou ld it be that faith makes an individual life meaningful? When what really should be meaningful is the individual life itself. Why does there have to be an ultimate meaning to life?Is it patently not enough to gain happiness and meaning from everyday life itself? For instance, the smiles parents get from their children or enjoying a walk outside on a sunny day. Why must there be further reason. determine what is right and wrong based on your values and live your life accordingly. At the end of your life, before you die, be able to look backward on your life and know that you lived with no regrets because you did what made you expert and you lived your life how you wanted to and not how anybody else told you to. After all, it is your life.

Social Studies Teenage Pregnancy Questionnaire SBA

SOCIAL SUDIES SCHOOL BASED appraisal (SBA) 2013CANDIDATE NAME MITSEY STONESCHOOL MONTEGO-BAY E-LEARNINGTITLE An examination on Teenage Pregnancy in my communityTABLE OF CONTENTS realisation Introduction proletariat 1 contention of ProblemTask 2 Reason for Selecting Area of ResearchTask 3 Method of investigationTask 4 Data Collection InstrumentTask 5 Procedures for Data CollectionTask 6 Presentation of DataTask 7 Analysis and Interpretation of DataTask 8 Statement of FindingsTask 9 Recommendations and Implementation StrategyACKNOWLEDGEMENTI put one across taken effort in this forge however it would non have been possible without the kind support and athletic supporter of many individuals and book publishers. I would like to extend my sincere convey to all of them. I am highly indebted to Modules In kindly Studies by Rampersad Ramsawak and Ralph . R Umraw for providing necessary information regarding this rese- arch. I would like to elicit my gratitude towards my family ,frien ds and the the persons in my community who participated,for their kind o-operation and encouragement which help me in shutting of this project, And most of all to God for making this possible.INTRODUCTION TASK 1 control OF PROBLEMWhat factors contribute to the increasing problem of teenage Pregnancy?How does this problem furbish up the lives of children?What can be make to decrease the cause of teenage maternalism?TASK 2 REASONS FOR SELECTING THIS AREA OF RESEARCHThis area of research was chosen because it is a prominent issue that could be address in a smash light.Similar essay SBA on Drug AbuseThe researcher want to search the options or me- asures that can assist these teenagers and also what can be done to eliminate the increase of teenage pregnancy in the community of strand Town.TASK 3 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION The system of investigation chosen to hold data is in the form of a questionnaire that was shared randomly to persons indoors my community.TASK 4 information COLLECTION INSTRUMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Instructions Please aim the following questions and put a tick in the box provided or answer on the spaces.1. Sex Male Female2. To which age group do you belong ? 9- 12 years, 13- 15 years, 16- 19 years, 20- 50 years3. How long have you been a resident of this community? 3- 5 years, 7- 10 year,s 12- 15 years, Others4. To which pagan group do you belong? African decent, Indian decent, Chinese decent, Other5. What is your train of education? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary6. What is the highest grade you completed? 8- 9 grade, 10- 11 grade, Some college, Other7. At what age did you become sexually active? 11- 13 years, 14- 16 years, 17- 18 years, 19- 20 years8.How many children do you have? 1-2 children, 3- 4 children, Over 5 children, Others9. How did you first find out about sex? Family, Friends, School, Media, Other10. What is your main beginning of financial support? Own job, Spouse, Parents, Other11. Are you currently working? Yes No12. If no t why?13. Do you think that peer influences shanghai your opinion on sex? Yes No14. What are the main causes of teenage pregnancy? Lack of maternal guidance, Sexual assault or rape, Economic issues Poverty15. How does teenage pregnancy affect a teenagers education?16. What are the advantages and disadvantages or teenage pregnancy?17. What were the challenges confront during your pregnancy?18. What measures can be taken to reduce the cause of teenage pregnancy in my community?TASK 5 PROCEDURES FOR COLLECTING DATA To gather information for this project the researcher constructed a questionnaire which consist of eighteen questions which were con- tributed to thirty teenagers in desert Town. The sample was selec- ted using the simple method by placing fifty names of persons in my community in a bag.The bag was shaken and the first twenty names selected were given a questionnaire to complete. The questionnaire were contributed on the 30th October and collected the 6th of November. Of the respondents 70percent were female and 30percent were male.TASK 6 entry OF DATA Data was collected for this project using a pie chart, a histogram and a bar graph. Figure 1 Figure one is a pie chart illustrating the ages at which teenagers became sexually active in the community of Maroon Town. An estimate of 40% became pregnant at the age of 14 to 16 years